Economic and public health importance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in sheep: 2009–2020

Murata, Fernando Henrique Antunes; Cerqueira‐Cézar, Camila K.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Su, Chunlei

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109195

Cited by 49 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 247 publications

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“…This study evidences widespread T. gondii seroprevalence among the wild ungulate species present in SCSV‐NP. The cut‐off used in the MAT in the present study (1:25) is the most common used in wildlife studies (Almeria et al., 2018; Bachand et al., 2019; Dubey et al., 2021; Gauss et al., ,2005, 2006; Lou et al., 2015), although a slightly overestimation of the seroprevalence obtained due to this diagnosis criteria cannot be ruled out. Significantly higher T. gondii seroprevalence were observed in wild boars (20.8%) and fallow deer (19.0%) compared to mouflons (3.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…MAT using a 1:25 cut‐off has been used extensively for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection in both domestic and wildlife species (reviewed by Almeria et al., 2018; Dubey, 2010). Although there are no recent experimental infections, two large studies in feral swine and in deer in the USA showed evidence for the validity of serological analysis by MAT since viable T. gondii was isolated from a large number of seropositive animals and the rate of isolating viable parasites was positively associated with MAT titres in those studies (Dubey et al., 2020a, 2020b, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and risk factors ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in wild ungulates that cohabit in a natural park with human–animal interaction in the Mediterranean ecosystem

Almerı́a

Cano‐Terriza

Prieto

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in wild ungulates that cohabit in a natural park with human–animal interaction in the Mediterranean ecosystem

Almerı́a

Cano‐Terriza

Prieto

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…As this decline in seroprevalence leads to loss of immunity, it becomes more relevant for the identification of the epidemiological role of wild host and the understanding of the epidemiology and ecology of T. gondii infection in wild host communities and at their interfaces with livestock and human. Thus, game meat, in particular venison, consumption should not be neglected as a public health risk for humans, with the subsequent impact to the public health [ 31 ]. For these purposes, addressing host population, community and environmental factors at broad temporal scale is key.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique has been employed broadly for the diagnosis of antibodies against T. gondii in both domestic and wildlife species [ 1 ]. Two recent large studies in wild pigs and white-tailed deer in the USA added evidence for the validity of serological analysis by MAT in those species since viable T. gondii was isolated from a large number of seropositive animals and the rate of isolating viable parasites was positively associated with MAT titers in those studies [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Each serum sample was tested at 1:25 and 1:50 dilutions, including positive and negative controls in each test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Determinants of the Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in a Wild Ungulate Community

Barroso

García‐Bocanegra

Acevedo

et al. 2020

Animals

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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan which infects warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans, worldwide. In the present study, the epidemiology of T. gondii was studied in the wild ungulate host community (wild boar, red deer, and fallow deer) of Doñana National Park (DNP, south-western Spain) for 13 years (2005–2018). We assessed several variables which potentially operate in the medium and long-term (environmental features, population, and stochastic factors). Overall, the wild ungulate host community of DNP had high seroprevalence values of T. gondii (STG; % ± confidence interval (CI) 95%; wild boar (Sus scrofa) 39 ± 3.3, n = 698; red deer (Cervus elaphus) 30.7 ± 4.4, n = 423; fallow deer (Dama dama) 29.7 ± 4.2, n = 452). The complex interplay of hosts and ecological/epidemiological niches, together with the optimal climatic conditions for the survival of oocysts that converge in this area may favor the spread of the parasite in its host community. The temporal evolution of STG oscillated considerably, mostly in deer species. The relationships shown by statistical models indicated that several factors determined species patterns. Concomitance of effects among species, indicated that relevant drivers of risk operated at the community level. Our focus, addressing factors operating at broad temporal scale, allows showing their impacts on the epidemiology of T. gondii and its trends. This approach is key to understanding the epidemiology and ecology to T. gondii infection in wild host communities in a context where the decline in seroprevalence leads to loss of immunity in humans.

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“…Ocular toxoplasmosis is also frequent in congenitally or chronically infected immunocompetent individuals (Commodaro et al, 2009). In farm animals, and particularly in sheep, toxoplasmosis costs the industry millions by affecting reproductive outcomes (Dubey et al, 2020). Likewise, toxoplasmosis has been shown to greatly affect sensitive populations of wild animals, with particular effects on marine life and devastating ecological outcomes (Shapiro et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structural and Molecular Underpinnings of Gametogenesis in Toxoplasma gondii

Tomasina

Francia

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasma gondii is a widely prevalent protozoan parasite member of the phylum Apicomplexa. It causes disease in humans with clinical outcomes ranging from an asymptomatic manifestation to eye disease to reproductive failure and neurological symptoms. In farm animals, and particularly in sheep, toxoplasmosis costs the industry millions by profoundly affecting their reproductive potential. As do all the parasites in the phylum, T. gondii parasites go through sexual and asexual replication in the context of an heteroxenic life cycle involving members of the Felidae family and any warm-blooded vertebrate as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. During sexual replication, merozoites differentiate into female and male gametes; their combination gives rise to a zygotes which evolve into sporozoites that encyst and are shed in cat’s feces as environmentally resistant oocysts. During zygote formation T. gondii parasites are diploid providing the parasite with a window of opportunity for genetic admixture making this a key step in the generation of genetic diversity. In addition, oocyst formation and shedding are central to dissemination and environmental contamination with infectious parasite forms. In this minireview we summarize the current state of the art on the process of gametogenesis. We discuss the unique structures of macro and microgametes, an insight acquired through classical techniques, as well as the more recently attained molecular understanding of the routes leading up to these life forms by in vitro and in vivo systems. We pose a number of unanswered questions and discuss these in the context of the latest findings on molecular cues mediating stage switching, and the implication for the field of newly available in vitro tools.

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Economic and public health importance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in sheep: 2009–2020

Cited by 49 publications

References 247 publications

Seroprevalence and risk factors ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in wild ungulates that cohabit in a natural park with human–animal interaction in the Mediterranean ecosystem

Seroprevalence and risk factors ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in wild ungulates that cohabit in a natural park with human–animal interaction in the Mediterranean ecosystem

Long-Term Determinants of the Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in a Wild Ungulate Community

The Structural and Molecular Underpinnings of Gametogenesis in Toxoplasma gondii

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