Economic and Financial Evaluation of Neglected Tropical Diseases

Lee, Bruce Y.; Bartsch, Sarah M.; Gorham, Katrin M.

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2015.01.002

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Other diseases occurring in the same geographic area cause anemia and cognitive impairment (e.g., malaria, schistosomiasis, and meningitis), which may make it difficult to attribute the true underlying cause and infected individuals may not seek care or be appropriately diagnosed. [ 40 ] Data used in our model came from a variety of sources and studies of variable quality; therefore our results may change as more data becomes available. For example, hookworm prevalence data is limited; it tends to be extrapolated from localized cross-sectional surveys, many of which are done in high prevalence areas with differing data collection methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Economic and Health Burden of Human Hookworm Infection

et al. 2016

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BackgroundEven though human hookworm infection is highly endemic in many countries throughout the world, its global economic and health impact is not well known. Without a better understanding of hookworm’s economic burden worldwide, it is difficult for decision makers such as funders, policy makers, disease control officials, and intervention manufacturers to determine how much time, energy, and resources to invest in hookworm control.Methodology/Principle FindingsWe developed a computational simulation model to estimate the economic and health burden of hookworm infection in every country, WHO region, and globally, in 2016 from the societal perspective. Globally, hookworm infection resulted in a total 2,126,280 DALYs using 2004 disability weight estimates and 4,087,803 DALYs using 2010 disability weight estimates (excluding cognitive impairment outcomes). Including cognitive impairment did not significantly increase DALYs worldwide. Total productivity losses varied with the probability of anemia and calculation method used, ranging from $7.5 billion to $138.9 billion annually using gross national income per capita as a proxy for annual wages and ranging from $2.5 billion to $43.9 billion using minimum wage as a proxy for annual wages.ConclusionEven though hookworm is classified as a neglected tropical disease, its economic and health burden exceeded published estimates for a number of diseases that have received comparatively more attention than hookworm such as rotavirus. Additionally, certain large countries that are transitioning to higher income countries such as Brazil and China, still face considerable hookworm burden.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Economic and Health Burden of Human Hookworm Infection

et al. 2016

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“…In addition, the estimated costs of the cross-sectional parasitologic surveys to assess longitudinally the impact of the interventions were relatively high. These findings point to the importance of considering the costs of monitoring activities and surveillance systems in the context 29,30 of NTD elimination strategies. There are only a few studies that estimated the costs of surveillance systems, and most of them only provided aggregated cost estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…There are only a few studies that estimated the costs of surveillance systems, and most of them only provided aggregated cost estimates. 5,8,[30][31][32][33][34] Second, this study estimated the costs of the ZEST project disaggregating them according to how the interventions were geographically distributed. Although the disaggregated cost estimates for Pemba and Unguja have limitations due to the predefined budgets both islands had available for implementing the surveys and interventions, these disaggregated estimates can be useful for informing decisions on the resources required for future schistosomiasis control and elimination efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Costs of the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission Project

Salari

Fürst

Knopp

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We estimated the financial costs of different interventions against urogenital schistosomiasis, implemented by the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission (ZEST) project, on Pemba and Unguja islands, Tanzania. We used available data on project activities, resources used, and costs reported in the accounting information systems of ZEST partners. The costs were estimated for all the activities related to snail control, behavior change interventions, the impact assessment surveys, and management of the whole program. Costs are presented in US$ for the full duration of the ZEST project from 2011/2012 to 2017. The total financial costs of implementing snail control activities over 5 years, excluding the costs for donated Bayluscide, were US$55,796 on Pemba and US$73,581 on Unguja, mainly driven by personnel costs. The total financial costs of implementing behavior change activities were US$109,165 on Pemba and US$155,828 on Unguja, with costs for personnel accounting for 47% on Pemba and 69% on Unguja. Costs of implementing biannual mass drug administration refer to the estimated 2.4 million treatments provided on Pemba over 4 years (2013-2016), and do not include the costs of donated praziquantel. The total cost per provided treatment was, on average, US$0.21. This study showed the value of exploiting administrative data to estimate costs of major global health interventions. It also provides an evidence base for financial costs and main cost drivers of implementing multiple combinations of intervention sets that inform decisions regarding the feasibility and affordability of implementing schistosomiasis control and elimination strategies.

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“…Ivermectin is currently donated for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis control ( 25 Years: The MECTIZANⓇ Donation Program ), but not directly for STH. Consequently, the actual financial cost of ivermectin and/or its potential economic value if it were to be donated for STH needs to be estimated to allow future cost-effectiveness analysis (an important gap for NTDs ( Turner et al, 2014b , Turner et al, 2015a , Lee et al, 2015 )).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the population-level impact of co-administering ivermectin with albendazole or mebendazole for the control and elimination of Trichuris trichiura

Turner

Truscott

Bettis

et al. 2016

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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IntroductionSoil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are predominately controlled by providing children with preventive chemotherapy with either albendazole or mebendazole. However, neither has a high efficacy against Trichuris trichiura. This low efficacy limits the overall effectiveness of the current STH control programmes against T. trichiura. It has been demonstrated that co-administering ivermectin with albendazole or mebendazole significantly increases the efficacy of current treatments, which may increase the overall effectiveness of control programmes.MethodsUsing a STH transmission mathematical model, we evaluated the potential impact of co-administering ivermectin with albendazole or mebendazole to treat T. trichiura within a preventive chemotherapy programme targeting children (2–15 year olds). We evaluated the impact in terms of reduction in prevalent infections, mean worm burden, and prevalence of heavy infections.ResultsAlthough the current treatment strategy reduced T. trichiura worm burden and prevalence of heavy infections, due to their poor efficacy the long term impact of preventive chemotherapy for children was smaller compared to the other STH. Co-administering ivermectin increased the projected impact of the preventive chemotherapy programme in terms of all three of the explored metrics, practically in high transmission settings. Furthermore, ivermectin co-administration greatly increased the feasibility of and timeframe for breaking transmission.ConclusionsCo-administering ivermectin notably increased the projected impact of preventive chemotherapy in high transmission settings and increased the feasibility for breaking transmission. This has important implications for control programmes, some of which may be shifting focus from morbidity control to interruption of transmission, and some of which may be logistically unable to provide preventive chemotherapy twice a year as recommended. However, the benefit of co-administering ivermectin is limited by the fact that 2–5 year olds are often ineligible to receive treatment.

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Economic and Financial Evaluation of Neglected Tropical Diseases

Cited by 23 publications

References 98 publications

The Global Economic and Health Burden of Human Hookworm Infection

The Global Economic and Health Burden of Human Hookworm Infection

Financial Costs of the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission Project

Analysis of the population-level impact of co-administering ivermectin with albendazole or mebendazole for the control and elimination of Trichuris trichiura

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