Economic and environmental indicators of sustainable rice cultivation: A comparison across intensive irrigated rice cropping systems in six Asian countries

Devkota, Krishna Prasad; Pasuquin, Estela Magbujos; Elmido-Mabilangan, Abigail; Dikitanan, Rowell; Singleton, Grant R.; Stuart, Alexander M.; Vithoonjit, Duangporn; Vidiyangkura, Ladda; Pustika, Arlyna Budi; Afriani, Riefna; Listyowati, Charisma Lia; Keerthisena, R. S. K.; Kieu, Nguyen Thi; Malabayabas, Arelene Julia B.; Hu, Ruizhong; Pan, Junfeng; Johnson‐Beebout, Sarah E.

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.05.029

Cited by 80 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nearly all rice farmers use fertilizer, but most farmers do not use the best nutrient management practices in rice production. A recent study [26] showed that many rice farmers in Indonesia apply too much N fertilizer during the early stage and too little N fertilizer at panicle initiation. The increase in yield in this study is also supported by the use of fertilizer at the right time and the right amount to better match the rice crop's needs [46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of RP was to increase rice productivity rather than to increase CI. The ICM package designated as RP consisted of ten components: (1) using new high yielding cultivars; (2) using certified seeds with high vigor; (3) ensuring effective leveling and tillage management; (4) synchronizing seeding of the nursery; (5) establishing a sufficient plant population to ensure adequate grain-sink size; ( 6) applying fertilizer at the right time, and at the right amount based on site-specific nutrient management (SSNM); (7) avoiding excessive water or drought stress; (8) ensuring no yield loss due to weeds and pests; (9) harvesting at the right time; and (10) threshing at the right time [24][25][26].…”

Section: Recommended Practices (Rps) and Farmers' Practices (Fps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Opportunities to Increase Yield and Profit in Rainfed Lowland Rice Systems in Indonesia

Erythrina

Anshori²,

Bora³

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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In this study, we aimed to improve rice farmers’ productivity and profitability in rainfed lowlands through appropriate crop and nutrient management by closing the rice yield gap during the dry season in the rainfed lowlands of Indonesia. The Integrated Crop Management package, involving recommended practices (RP) from the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), were compared to the farmers’ current practices at ten farmer-participatory demonstration plots across ten provinces of Indonesia in 2019. The farmers’ practices (FP) usually involved using old varieties in their remaining land and following their existing fertilizer management methods. The results indicate that improved varieties and nutrient best management practices in rice production, along with water reservoir infrastructure and information access, contribute to increasing the productivity and profitability of rice farming. The mean rice yield increased significantly with RP compared with FP by 1.9 t ha−1 (ranges between 1.476 to 2.344 t ha−1), and net returns increased, after deducting the cost of fertilizers and machinery used for irrigation supplements, by USD 656 ha−1 (ranges between USD 266.1 to 867.9 ha−1) per crop cycle. This represents an exploitable yield gap of 37%. Disaggregated by the wet climate of western Indonesia and eastern Indonesia’s dry climate, the RP increased rice productivity by 1.8 and 2.0 t ha−1, with an additional net return gain per cycle of USD 600 and 712 ha−1, respectively. These results suggest that there is considerable potential to increase the rice production output from lowland rainfed rice systems by increasing cropping intensity and productivity. Here, we lay out the potential for site-specific variety and nutrient management with appropriate crop and supplemental irrigation as an ICM package, reducing the yield gap and increasing farmers’ yield and income during the dry season in Indonesia’s rainfed-prone areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recommended Practices (Rps) and Farmers' Practices (Fps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Opportunities to Increase Yield and Profit in Rainfed Lowland Rice Systems in Indonesia

Erythrina

Anshori²,

Bora³

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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“…(Mazziotta and Pareto, 2013;Reytar et al, 2014;Pollesch and Dale, 2016). The selection of WP and GHGI was based on a deductive approach (Wiréhn et al, 2015), over the theoretical understanding of the variables as indicators of mitigation and adaptation (FAO, 2013;World Bank, 2016;Devkota et al, 2019;SRP, 2019), and the trade-offs that they could represent. Although the deductive approach might be subjective, WP and GHGI have been recognized by Reytar et al (2014) as a good proxy for environmentalrelated with water (Water productivity) and climate change (GHGI).…”

Section: Considerations About the Climate Smartness Index (Csi) Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Climate Smartness Index (CSI) Based on Greenhouse Gas Intensity and Water Productivity: Application to Irrigated Rice

Arenas-Calle

Challinor

2019

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Efforts to increase agricultural productivity, adapt to climate change, and reduce the carbon footprint of agriculture are reflected in a growing interest in climate-smart agriculture (CSA). Specific indicators of productivity, adaptation and mitigation are commonly used in support of claims about the climate smartness of practices. However, it is rare that these three objectives can be optimized simultaneously by any one strategy. In evaluating the relative climate smartness of different agricultural practices, plans and policies, there is a need for metrics that can simultaneously represent all three objectives and therefore be used in comparing strategies that have different benefits and trade-offs across this triad of objectives. In this context, a method for developing a Climate Smartness Index (CSI) is presented. The process of developing the index follows four steps: (1) defining system specific climate smartness; (2) selecting relevant indicators; (3) normalizing against reference values from a systematic literature review; and (4) aggregating and weighting. The CSI presented here has been developed for application in a systematic review of rice irrigation strategies and it combines normalized water productivity (WP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) The CSI was developed for application to data from published field experiments that assessed the impact of water management practices in irrigated rice, focusing on practices heralded as climate-smart strategies, such as Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD). The analysis shows that the CSI can provide a consistent judgment of the treatments based on the evidence of water efficiency and reduced GHGI reported in such studies. Using a measurable and replicable index supports the aim of generating a reliable quantification of the climate smartness of agricultural practices. The same four step process can be used to build metrics for a broad range of CSA practice, policy and planning.

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“…Considering the perspective of growth population and, consequently, the increase demand for rice grain, it is essential to increase its production in a sustainable way (DEVKOTA et al, 2019). In this sense, the use of multifunctional microorganisms in rice crop can represent a management option with the purpose to promote plant growth by increasing nutrient availability from the soil, the efficiency of gas exchange and, consequently, the production of greater amount of phytomass and grain yield (GODFRAY et al, 2012;NASCENTE et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physio-Agronomic Characterization of Upland Rice Inoculated With Mix of Multifunctional Microorganisms

et al. 2020

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Multifunctional microorganisms can contribute significantly to improve plant performance and are innovative technology for sustainable development. Thus, objective of this study was to determine the effect of bioagents applied alone or in mix on the performance of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The 26 treatments consisted of the rhizobacteria Bacillus sp. (BRM 32109, BRM 32110 and 1301), Azospirillum sp. (1381), Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5), Pseudomonas sp. (BRM 32112), Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM 32111), Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM 32113), Serratia sp. (BRM 32114), and a fungal genus formed by a pool of Trichoderma asperellum (T-06, T-09, T-12, and T-52), applied alone or in mix, plus a control treatment without microorganism application. The most effective treatments were the mixes of microorganisms 1301 + Ab-V5 and BRM 32114 + pool of Trichoderma asperellum, as they provided an average increase of 123 and 88% in the number of panicles and 206 and 167% in the grain yield of upland rice plants, respectively. Mixes of 1301 + Ab-V5, BRM 32114 + Trichoderma asperellum pool, BRM 32110 + BRM 32114, BRM 32110 + Ab-V5, 1301 + BRM 32110 and 1381 + Trichoderma asperellum pool also provided better morphophysiological performance in rice plants (photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, number of tillers, shoot dry biomass and nutrient content in shoot and root). Therefore, the use of multifunctional microorganisms in the management of upland rice was efficient in its ability to provide better development of plants.

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Economic and environmental indicators of sustainable rice cultivation: A comparison across intensive irrigated rice cropping systems in six Asian countries

Cited by 80 publications

References 22 publications

Assessing Opportunities to Increase Yield and Profit in Rainfed Lowland Rice Systems in Indonesia

Assessing Opportunities to Increase Yield and Profit in Rainfed Lowland Rice Systems in Indonesia

A Climate Smartness Index (CSI) Based on Greenhouse Gas Intensity and Water Productivity: Application to Irrigated Rice

Physio-Agronomic Characterization of Upland Rice Inoculated With Mix of Multifunctional Microorganisms

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