Economic analysis of rainwater harvesting systems comparing developing and developed countries: A case study of Australia and Kenya

Amos, Caleb Christian; Rahman, Ataur; Gathenya, John Mwangi

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.114

Cited by 87 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This shows that city planners and water entrepreneurs could make strategic decisions to provide capital incentives to users in certain boroughs, demands, rooftop areas, and water costs, prioritizing specific areas of the city where water intermittence and lack of connectivity are most common (e.g., in Tlalpan). As indicated by Amos et al (), if only the cost of water is considered, sometimes RWH is not viable financially but this changes when hedonic prices are factored in.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A City Wide Assessment of the Financial Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting in Mexico City

Larrauri

Gutierrez

Lall

et al. 2020

J American Water Resour Assoc

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We assess the potential financial benefits of rooftop rainwater harvesting (RWH) in Mexico City from the perspective of property owners and entrepreneurs. A bottom‐up approach was followed by evaluating RWH at individual buildings and aggregating the results to a borough/city level. We consider sector‐specific water demands, potable and nonpotable uses, and user‐specific water tariffs. We find that RWH is economically most beneficial for nondomestic users rather than for small domestic users, who are often the target of RWH interventions. Based on a net present value analysis, a potable RWH system is not favored for most domestic users under the current subsidized municipal water tariff structure. Our analysis only considers capital and maintenance expenses, and not other benefits related to increased access to water and reliability, or social benefits from a switch to a RWH system. If the initial capital expense for RWH is partly financed by transferring the water subsidy to an entrepreneur, then RWH becomes financially attractive for a wide range of domestic users. To improve water access in Mexico City, RWH is attractive in the most marginalized boroughs where water use is currently lower and precipitation is higher. For domestic users relying on trucked water, RWH can have great financial benefits. Our approach provides quantitative data with high spatial specificity, highlighting the places and types of users that would benefit most from RWH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A City Wide Assessment of the Financial Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting in Mexico City

Larrauri

Gutierrez

Lall

et al. 2020

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…Water 2019, 11,2074 14 of 18 Figure 12. Potential for potable water savings due to rainwater use in different regions of the world compared to the results of the study shown herein [9,[15][16][17][18][19]21,22,29,[38][39][40].…”

Section: Rainwater Tank Capacitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate, as well as social and economic changes, has forced society to continually adapt to water shortages [6][7][8]. Various strategies have been developed and improved in the last decades to mitigate water shortage, such as rainwater harvesting [9][10][11][12], greywater use [13], and hybrid rainwater-greywater systems [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Potential for Potable Water Savings in the Residential Sector of a City: A Case Study of Joinville City

Custódio

Ghisi

2019

Water

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in the residential sector of Joinville, a city located in southern Brazil. Data on roof areas of residential buildings were obtained from the Joinville city council. By considering the roof areas and typologies of residential buildings, representative models were created. The following parameters were used to determine the rainwater tank capacity: the number of dwellers; the total daily water demand per capita; and the rainwater demand. To carry out the simulations for determining the optimal rainwater tank sizes and potential for potable water savings, the computer program Netuno was used to run 33,720 different scenarios. By considering the occurrence percentage for each representative building model (weighted average), the average potential for potable water savings by using rainwater was calculated. The average potential in the central region of Joinville was 18.5% when there is rainwater use only in toilets, and 40.8% when there is rainwater use in toilets and washing machines. The rainwater harvesting system showed a better performance for a rainwater demand equal to 20% of the total daily water demand. The results indicate the necessity to properly size rainwater tank capacities to meet water demands, thereby encouraging more people to adopt rainwater harvesting as an alternative source for non-potable water in buildings. The demand for rainwater should be carefully evaluated, especially in multi-story residential buildings, due to the low availability of roof areas.

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“…Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) are based on the concept of managing stormwater within the catchment basins in which it is generated or on the flattening of the hydrograph of its outflow into the receiving body of water. In the former case, facilities for surface or underground infiltration of stormwater into the soil or rainwater harvesting systems may be used [24][25][26]. If the above solutions are not recommended, retention facilities may be used [27][28][29], including basins comprising an element of stormwater treatment plants [30].…”

Section: Stormwater Best Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification of key factors determining the sustainability of stormwater systems

Kordana

2018

E3S Web Conf.

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Land cover changes may cause a disturbance in the water cycle, the consequence of which is an increase in the volume of stormwater runoff. In such a situation, the use of traditional stormwater systems leads to a number of problems, including the hydraulic overload of these systems and the deterioration of rivers. Therefore, stormwater management clearly affects the quality of life in a particular area. In order to facilitate effective stormwater management, the paper identifies and assesses factors that impact the sustainability of stormwater systems. Using the premises of PESTLE analysis, these factors were categorized as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, or Environmental. Assessments from an expert team were also used to identify elements that are crucial for the development of innovative solutions for stormwater management.

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Economic analysis of rainwater harvesting systems comparing developing and developed countries: A case study of Australia and Kenya

Cited by 87 publications

References 31 publications

A City Wide Assessment of the Financial Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting in Mexico City

A City Wide Assessment of the Financial Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting in Mexico City

Assessing the Potential for Potable Water Savings in the Residential Sector of a City: A Case Study of Joinville City

The identification of key factors determining the sustainability of stormwater systems

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