Econometrics of the environmental Kuznets curve in the face of climate change and sustainability in Zambia

Makondo, Cuthbert Casey; Kawala, Jackson; Jhonna, Mundike

doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100289

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…On the other hand, the Environmental Kuznets Curve theorizes the relationship between environmental indices and per capita income [4,5]. Pollution and degradation increase during the early stages of economic expansion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution; Testing the EKC Hypothesis in Brazil

Asiedu¹

2022

The Toxicity of Environmental Pollutants

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The study looks at Economic growth and environmental pollution: an assessment of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Brazil from 1990 to 2018. The ADF-Fisher, PP-Fisher, Im Pesaran, and Chin unit root tests checked stationarity. The VAR model was used to check the influence of individual endogenous variables, and the Wald test was used to determine the variables’ combined impact. The researchers used the Pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality (PDHPC) and Pairwise Granger causality tests to assess all of the hypotheses. At order one, the variables are integrated. The lag order used for further calculations is the Akaike Information Criterion. The Fisher cointegration test revealed the cointegration according to the individual cross-section result. According to the Pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality (PDHPC) and Pairwise Granger causality tests, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions are bidirectional. Both the PDHPC and the PGCT support the environmental Kuznets curve theory. Because the EKC hypothesis exists in Brazil, the study concluded that both pure and filthy productions coincide. When Brazil reaches a particular level of development, however, its population may seek a healthier environment, and governments in these countries may pass stricter environmental regulations to encourage cleaner industry. When followed, the procedures may help to improve environmental quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%