Ecology of Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 in aquatic environments

Borroto, Rene

doi:10.1590/s1020-49891997000100002

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Zooplankton are important for the development and spread of V. cholerae (Huq, 1983). Microcrustaceans such as cladocerans and copepods are particularly important since several studies show that V. cholerae (Huq, 1983(Huq, , 1996Borroto, 1997) adheres to the animals using the chitinous carapace as a source of nutrients to be degraded by chitinase (Lipp et al, 2002). Lake Xochimilco has high densities of tilapias and carps, which makes the predation pressure on microcrustaceans high; it is also populated by the endemic and endangered Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality in Lake Xochimilco, Mexico: zooplankton indicators and Vibrio cholerae

Nandini¹,

García²,

Sarma³

2015

J Limnol

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality in Lake Xochimilco, Mexico: zooplankton indicators and Vibrio cholerae

Nandini¹,

García²,

Sarma³

2015

J Limnol

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“…In addition, laboratory studies using artificial seawater demonstrated growth of V. cholerae O1 down to a salinity of 5 g l 21 (Singleton et al, 1982a, b). However, V. cholerae O1 has been detected frequently in freshwater as well (Yamai et al, 1996;Borroto, 1997), even in the absence of faecal index organisms (Bourke et al, 1986;Jesudason et al, 2000). Although freshwater systems are considered to be an environmental reservoir for V. cholerae (Shapiro et al, 1999), there is, as far as we are aware, no information available demonstrating the growth of this bacterium in freshwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa Eltor in freshwater

et al. 2007

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Growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa Eltor was studied with a growth assay in which autoclaved and filtered (0.22 mm) freshwater was inoculated at low cell density (5¾10 3 cells ml "1 ) and proliferation was followed with flow cytometry. Against the common view, V. cholerae was able to grow extensively in different kinds of freshwater. The bacterium multiplied in river water, lake water and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant up to a cell density of 1.55¾10 6 cells ml "1 . In these samples, apparent assimilable organic carbon (AOC app ) concentrations ranged from 52 up to 800 mg l "1 and the results demonstrate a positive trend between the AOC app concentration and final cell concentration, suggesting that AOC was a key parameter governing growth of V. cholerae. No growth was observed in waters (tap and bottled drinking water) containing less than approximately 60 mg AOC app l "1 . When pure cultures of V. cholerae were grown on identical lake water at different temperatures (20, 25 and 30 6C) the maximum specific growth rates (m max ) achieved were 0.22 h "1 , 0.32 h "1 and 0.45 h "1 , respectively. In addition, growth was characterized in lake water samples amended with different concentrations of NaCl. The highest m max of V. cholerae was recorded at moderate salinity levels (5 g NaCl l "1 , m max 50.84 h "1 ), whereas at 30 g NaCl l "1 (m max 50.30 h "1 ) or 0 g NaCl l "1 (m max 50.40 h "1 ) specific growth rates were significantly reduced. In the water tested here, m max of V. cholerae was always around 50 % of that exhibited by a freshwater community of indigenous bacteria enriched from the water sampling site. Direct batch competition experiments between V. cholerae and the lake water bacterial community were performed at different temperatures in which V. cholerae was enumerated in the total community using fluorescent-surface antibodies. In all cases V. cholerae was able to grow and constituted around 10 % of the final total cell concentration of the community. No significant effect of temperature was observed on the outcome of the competition. Mathematical modelling of the competition at the different temperatures based on the calculated m max values confirmed these experimental observations. The results demonstrate that V. cholerae is not only able to survive, but also able to grow in freshwater samples. In these experiments the bacterium was able to use a large fraction (12-62 %) of the AOC app available to the bacterial AOC-test community, indicating that V. cholerae has the ability to gain access to the substrates present in freshwater even in competition with an autochthonous bacterial lake water consortium.

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“…Temperature was identified as a significant predictor, providing another link between changing drought risk and increased cholera outbreak occurrence, as an increased temperature is important in both drought onset and duration. The positive relationship between temperature and cholera is expected, as cholera is considered a temperature-sensitive pathogen, with optimum growth at elevated temperatures (up to a threshold) [46]. This may also represent an independent effect of temperature from drought and why both variables are independently selected in the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exploring relationships between drought and epidemic cholera in Africa using generalised linear models

Charnley

Kelman

Green

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Temperature and precipitation are known to affect Vibrio cholerae outbreaks. Despite this, the impact of drought on outbreaks has been largely understudied. Africa is both drought and cholera prone and more research is needed in Africa to understand cholera dynamics in relation to drought. Methods: Here, we analyse a range of environmental and socioeconomic covariates and fit generalised linear models to publicly available national data, to test for associations with several indices of drought and make cholera outbreak projections to 2070 under three scenarios of global change, reflecting varying trajectories of CO₂ emissions, socio-economic development, and population growth. Results: The best-fit model implies that drought is a significant risk factor for African cholera outbreaks, alongside positive effects of population, temperature and poverty and a negative effect of freshwater withdrawal. The projections show that following stringent emissions pathways and expanding sustainable development may reduce cholera outbreak occurrence in Africa, although these changes were spatially heterogeneous. Conclusions: Despite an effect of drought in explaining recent cholera outbreaks, future projections highlighted the potential for sustainable development gains to offset drought-related impacts on cholera risk. Future work should build on this research investigating the impacts of drought on cholera on a finer spatial scale and potential non-linear relationships, especially in high-burden countries which saw little cholera change in the scenario analysis.

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Ecology of Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 in aquatic environments

Abstract: La ecología de

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Water quality in Lake Xochimilco, Mexico: zooplankton indicators and Vibrio cholerae

Water quality in Lake Xochimilco, Mexico: zooplankton indicators and Vibrio cholerae

Growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa Eltor in freshwater

Exploring relationships between drought and epidemic cholera in Africa using generalised linear models

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