Ecology of the respiratory tract microbiome

Pérez‐Cobas, Ana Elena; Rodríguez-Beltrán, Jerónimo; Baquero, Fernando; Coque, Teresa M.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2023.04.006

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Recent studies suggest that interactions of organisms of different kingdoms, in addition to bacteria-bacteria interactions, play a significant role in the ecology of the RTM. 5 Interestingly, archaea ( M. oralis ), protozoa ( T. tenax ), and fungi (highlighting C. albicans ) were present in various samples, patients, or time points analyzed, suggesting that they might be resident members and not transitory in the respiratory tract of hospitalized individuals. The potential inter-kingdom interactions identified support the theory that these taxonomic groups are relatively stable in the respiratory microbiome during pneumonia, possibly impacting human health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“… 2 , 3 The bacterial composition of a healthy RTM mainly consists of the most common phyla of human microbiomes: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. 4 , 5 The primary source of microorganisms of the RTM is the oropharynx, from which they migrate through microaspiration and mucosal dispersion mechanisms to the lungs. 6 , 7 , 8 Indeed, some of the common RTM genera, such as Streptococcus , Prevotella , or Veillonella , are shared with the oral microbiome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 , 10 Although few studies have quantified the microbial load in the respiratory tract, it has been estimated that the biomass in healthy individuals decreases from the mouth to the lungs, where the load is minimum (up to 10 4 –10 5 bacterial cells per milliliter of intraluminal fluid). 11 Despite the importance of non-bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, only very few studies have focused on other domains of life in the RTM, such as eukaryotes, archaea, or viruses 5 , 12 , 13 ; thus, their role in the RTM ecology and human physiology remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The respiratory tract microbiome, the pathogen load, and clinical interventions define severity of bacterial pneumonia

Pérez-Cobas,

Ginevra,

Rusniok

et al. 2023

Cell Reports Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The respiratory tract microbiome, the pathogen load, and clinical interventions define severity of bacterial pneumonia

Pérez-Cobas,

Ginevra,

Rusniok

et al. 2023

Cell Reports Medicine

Self Cite

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“…Reciprocally, the respiratory tract microbiota’s composition and activity influence mucins’ production and structure, consequently affecting the host’s ability to fight against pathogenic infections (Pérez-Cobas et al. 2023 ). Any disruption in mucin structure, quantity, or function and the glycosylation pattern of their glycans can lead to dysbiosis and potentially increase the risk of respiratory infections in livestock (Miao et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The forecasting power of the mucin-microbiome interplay in livestock respiratory diseases

Mach

2024

Veterinary Quarterly

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Complex respiratory diseases are a significant challenge for the livestock industry worldwide. These diseases considerably impact animal health and welfare and cause severe economic losses. One of the first lines of pathogen defense combines the respiratory tract mucus, a highly viscous material primarily composed of mucins, and a thriving multi-kingdom microbial ecosystem. The microbiome-mucin interplay protects from unwanted substances and organisms, but its dysfunction may enable pathogenic infections and the onset of respiratory disease. Emerging evidence also shows that noncoding regulatory RNAs might modulate the structure and function of the microbiome-mucin relationship. This opinion paper unearths the current understanding of the triangular relationship between mucins, the microbiome, and noncoding RNAs in the context of respiratory infections in animals of veterinary interest. There is a need to look at these molecular underpinnings that dictate distinct health and disease outcomes to implement effective prevention, surveillance, and timely intervention strategies tailored to the different epidemiological contexts.

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“…A resistant pathogenic organism in the intestine, even at low densities, might produce reactive changes in the host, altering intestinal signals as well as secretion of antibacterial substances of innate immunity and changing the populational composition of the healthy microbiota so that the new colonizer gains in relative fitness(Chowdhury et al, 2023). Also, if the resident community is already disturbed by principally antibiotic medical interventions, the colonization resistance capacity (due to the unavailability of nutrients for the incoming organisms) is diminished, favoring colonization by this antibiotic-resistant colonizer(Pérez-Cobas et al, 2023;Spragge et al, 2023).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection versus Transmission: Quantitative and Organismic Biology in Antibiotic Resistance

Baquero,

Pérez-Cobas,

Aracil-Gisbert

et al. 2024

Preprint

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We aimed to determine the importance of selection (mostly dependent on the anthropogenic use of antimicrobials) and transmission (mostly dependent on hygiene and sanitation) as drivers of the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations. The first obstacle to estimating the relative weight of both independent variables is the lack of detailed quantitative data concerning the number of bacterial cells, potentially either pathogenic or harmless, and bacterial species exposed to antimicrobial action in the microbiotas of specific environments. The second obstacle is the difficulty of considering the importance of the various parameters influencing antibiotic resistance across eco-biological levels that constitute an “organism-like” entity. As a consequence, advances are urgently required in quantitative biology and organismic biology of antimicrobial resistance. The absolute number of humans exposed to antibiotics and the absolute number of potentially pathogenic and commensal bacteria in their microbiomes should influence both the selection and transmission of resistant bacterial populations. The “whole Earth” microbiome, with astonishingly high numbers of bacterial cells and species, which are also exposed to anthropogenic antimicrobials in various biogeographical spaces, shape the antibiotic resistance landscape. These biogeographical spaces influence various intensities of selection and transmission of potentially pathogenic bacteria. While waiting for more precise data, biostatistics analysis and mathematical or computational modeling can provide proxies to compare the influence of selection and transmission in resistant bacteria. In European countries with lower sanitation levels, antibiotic consumption plays a major role in increasing antibiotic resistance; however this is not the case in countries with high sanitation levels. Although both independent variables are linked, their relative influence on the level of antibiotic resistance varies according to the particular location. Therefore, although interventions directed to decrease antibiotic resistance should be designed “à la carte,” the global effects of antibiotic exposure and resistance on local sites cannot be underestimated.

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Ecology of the respiratory tract microbiome

Cited by 16 publications

References 105 publications

The respiratory tract microbiome, the pathogen load, and clinical interventions define severity of bacterial pneumonia

The respiratory tract microbiome, the pathogen load, and clinical interventions define severity of bacterial pneumonia

The forecasting power of the mucin-microbiome interplay in livestock respiratory diseases

Selection versus Transmission: Quantitative and Organismic Biology in Antibiotic Resistance

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