Ecology of falls

Robinovitch, Stephen N.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63916-5.00009-4

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As most falls in community-dwelling older adults occur during walking (Sheldon, 1960, Tinetti et al, 1988, Lord et al, 1993, Berg et al, 1997, Niino et al, 2000, Talbot et al, 2005, Crenshaw et al, 2017, McCrum, 2019, this may be the most relevant task for PBT training for this group. However, frail older people, such as those living in residential care facilities, often experience falls during transitions (Robinovitch et al, 2013, Robinovitch, 2018, van Schooten et al, 2018, Yang et al, 2018b, thus may benefit from standing and sit-to-stand perturbation training. Finally, due to the task-specific nature of PBT, training benefits may be restricted to improvements in dynamic and perturbed balance tasks with little or no transfer to less dynamic / static balance tasks (Freyler et al, 2016, Chien and Hsu, 2018, Krause et al, 2018.…”

Section: What Is Pbt?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation-based Balance Training: Principles, Mechanisms and Implementation in Clinical Practice

McCrum¹,

Bhatt²,

Gerards³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Since the mid-2000s, perturbation-based balance training has been gaining interest as an efficient and effective way to prevent falls in older adults. It has been suggested that this task-specific training approach may present a paradigm shift in fall prevention. In this review, we discuss key concepts and common issues and questions regarding perturbation-based balance training. In doing so, we aim to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current evidence on the mechanisms, feasibility and efficacy of perturbation-based balance training for researchers and practitioners. We address this in two sections: “Principles and Mechanisms” and “Implementation in Practice”. In the first section, definitions, task-specificity, adaptation and retention mechanisms and the dose-response relationship are discussed. In the second section, issues related to safety, anxiety, evidence in clinical populations (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, stroke), technology and training devices are discussed. Perturbation-based balance training is a promising approach to fall prevention. However, several fundamental and applied aspects of the approach need to be further investigated before it can be widely implemented in clinical practice.

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Section: What Is Pbt?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation-based Balance Training: Principles, Mechanisms and Implementation in Clinical Practice

McCrum¹,

Bhatt²,

Gerards³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The potential for the dynamics within cortical circuit function may be key to ultimately support physiological plasticity for adaptive sensory information processing across a lifetime 16,21–24 . The auditory cortex (AC) is a well-known site for task- and experience-dependent neurophysiological plasticity and one of the main models for understanding substrates of auditory learning and memory 23,25 , but its basic transcriptomic landscape is under-described. Characterizing gene expression profiles of the diverse range of auditory cortical cell populations can inform on their potential functions, interactions, and our understanding of how the AC supports auditory processing, learning, memory, and sound-driven behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterizing gene expression profiles of the diverse range of auditory cortical cell populations can inform on their potential functions, interactions, and our understanding of how the AC supports auditory processing, learning, memory, and sound-driven behavior. Here, we provide a transcriptomic foundation for understanding the cellular and functional physiological substrates of higher-level cognitive processing in rats, a species well-known for its natural curiosity and intelligence, bolstered by an enormous behavioral literature 26–29 and its particular use to investigate memory, cognition, and complex behavior 23,25,30–33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional diversities within neurons and astrocytes in the adult rat auditory cortex revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing

Aydin,

Lemenze,

Bieszczad

2024

Preprint

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The mammalian cerebral cortex is composed of a rich diversity of cell types. Cortical cells are organized into networks that rely on their functional diversity to ultimately carry out a variety of sophisticated cognitive functions. To investigate the breadth of transcriptionally diverse cell types in the cortex, we used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) in the auditory cortex of the adult rat. A variety of unique excitatory and inhibitory neuron types were identified. In addition, we report for the first time a diversity of astrocytes in the auditory cortex that may represent functionally unique subtypes. Together, these results pave the way for building models of how neurons in the sensory cortex work in concert with astrocytes at synapses to fulfill high-cognitive functions like learning and memory.

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“…Given that the duration of falls (i.e. time from balance loss until contact with the ground) usually allows sufficient time to plan and make voluntary movements (van Swigchem et al, 2009), it may be possible to train people to land in a way that reduces injury risk (Robinovitch et al, 2003, Groen et al, 2010a, Moon and Sosnoff, 2017, Robinovitch, 2018. One study on trained judo athletes has demonstrated that martial arts falling techniques may reduce the risk of fall-related fractures (van der Zijden et al, 2012) and based on measurements in young adults, learning these techniques may even be safe for people with osteoporosis, if certain safety measures are taken (Groen et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Landingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A trip to remember

McCrum¹

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People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Part Three: Gait Perturbation Methodology 51 3.1: A systematic review of gait perturbation paradigms for improving reactive stepping responses and falls risk among healthy older adults 3.2: Stability-normalised walking speed: a new approach for human gait perturbation research Part Four: Reactive Gait Stability and Adaptability 83 4.1: Retention, savings and interlimb transfer of reactive gait adaptations in humans following unexpected perturbations 4.2: Older adults demonstrate interlimb transfer of reactive gait adaptations to repeated unpredictable gait perturbations

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Ecology of falls

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Perturbation-based Balance Training: Principles, Mechanisms and Implementation in Clinical Practice

Perturbation-based Balance Training: Principles, Mechanisms and Implementation in Clinical Practice

Functional diversities within neurons and astrocytes in the adult rat auditory cortex revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing

A trip to remember

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