1997
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb02778.x
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Ecology, nutrition, and timing of reproductive events in an Asian primate, the Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus)

Abstract: With 5 figures in the text) Ecological conditions, feeding and ranging behaviour as well as physical condition of female Hanuman langurs (Preshytis entellus) were studied in order to analyse the major influences on the timing of reproductive events. The langurs inhabited a semi-evergreen forest dominated by Sal trees (Shorea ?ObUSfC6). The climate was dominated by the summer monsoon lasting from May to September. Availability of plant phytophases was markedly seasonal, with fruiting as well as flushing of the … Show more

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Cited by 159 publications
(158 citation statements)
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“…Third, our data strongly support the hypothesis that the relationship between ranging and reproductive effort is fundamentally different over different timescales. Within species, over a lifetime, increased ranging is consistently associated with decreased net energy intake, reproductive effort, and maintenance, both in the wild (27)(28)(29) and in the lab (9)(10)(11)(12). In contrast, among species, over evolutionary time, increased ranging is commonly associated with increased reproductive output (Tables 1 and 2; Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Third, our data strongly support the hypothesis that the relationship between ranging and reproductive effort is fundamentally different over different timescales. Within species, over a lifetime, increased ranging is consistently associated with decreased net energy intake, reproductive effort, and maintenance, both in the wild (27)(28)(29) and in the lab (9)(10)(11)(12). In contrast, among species, over evolutionary time, increased ranging is commonly associated with increased reproductive output (Tables 1 and 2; Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Thus, rodents and birds challenged with decreased food per meter in experimental settings increase their ranging but lose weight and spend less energy on maintenance and reproduction (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), even when B ÏŸ C and feeding is ad libitum. Similarly, daily movement distance increases (16)(17)(18)(19) and body mass and condition decrease (27)(28)(29)(30) during periods of food shortage for mammals in the wild, even though the average estimated food energy gained per meter for most free ranging mammals is over an order of magnitude greater than the travel cost per meter (Fig. 2).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The habitat is characterized by a marked seasonal variation in climate, with a clear rainy season from mid-June to the beginning of October, which is associated with an increase in food abundance (Koenig et al 1997). As a consequence, the langur population at Ramnagar demonstrates a seasonal pattern of reproduction, with conceptions being conÂąned to the period from July to November, and the majority of births taking place between February and May (Koenig et al 1997;Ziegler et al 2000).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In spite of breeding seasonality (births January^June; Koenig et al 1997) the mean interbirth interval of 2.4 years was signiÂącantly shorter if the infant was lost prematurely (Borries 1997). During more than 37 000 h spent in contact with the langurs, one infanticide was witnessed (J. Nikolei and K. Thapa, personal communication; cf.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%