Ecology, Morphology, Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of Giant Radiolarians, Orodaria ord. nov. (Radiolaria; Rhizaria; SAR)

Nakamura, Yasuhide; Tuji, Akihiro; Kimoto, Katsunori; Yamaguchi, Atsushi; Hori, Rie S.; Suzuki, Noritoshi

doi:10.1016/j.protis.2021.125808

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In Protozoa, the taxon of unicellular marine microorganisms Radiolaria appeared in the Cambrian that was one of the first groups to change from a benthic to free floating mode of life (12). Usually, radiolarians are of microscopic size (0.1-0.2 mm), still some giant species exceed dimensions of 6 -7 mm (13). In multiple species of Radiolaria, the projecting spines extend the surface of silica skeleton and support the pseudopodia radiating through the perforated shell, that was abundantly illustrated by Ernst Haeckel in his systematic works (Fig.…”

Section: Quasi-microgravitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Aquatic organisms as models in biomedical space research

Kuznetsov

2022

Preprint

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From the word go till nowadays, laboratory biologists have been focused mostly on a few practical biological models, which largely determined and narrowed down our modern vision of diverse complex physiological cellular and molecular bioprocesses. The choice of model organism is an important issue in experimental biology, particularly, in space exploration biomedical science. Largely unknown non-classical aquatic model organisms will be advantageous for further developments on the path of humanity into space. Selected perspective hydrobiont models based on old almost-forgotten and new literature data are discussed that could be of future use in the expanding biomedical space science.

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Section: Quasi-microgravitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Aquatic organisms as models in biomedical space research

Kuznetsov

2022

Preprint

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“…1) and they do not share any morphological similarities except their silicified skeletons. Nonetheless, both orders are currently the last remaining radiolarians without detailed morpho‐molecular frameworks, despite the recent placement of Orodaria in the radiolarian phylogeny (Nakamura et al ., 2021). Orodaria are phylogenetically close to Collodaria and Nassellaria, but distant from Spumellaria and Phaeodaria, two families where Orodaria used to be classified based on morphological resemblances (Haeckel, 1887; Haecker, 1908; De Wever et al ., 2002).…”

Section: Taxopodida and Orodariamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orodaria (Fig. 2I and J) possess the largest known silicified skeleton in any other extant radiolarian order (Nakamura et al ., 2021). However, Radiolaria without silicified skeletons of the Collodaria order are able to form large colonies (up to 3 m for the largest reported collodarian; Swanberg and Anderson, 1981) composed of tens to thousands of single collodarian cells (Fig.…”

Section: General Morphology Ecology and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orodaria are phylogenetically close to Collodaria and Nassellaria, but distant from Spumellaria and Phaeodaria, two families where Orodaria used to be classified based on morphological resemblances (Haeckel, 1887; Haecker, 1908; De Wever et al ., 2002). Morpho‐molecular sequences currently cover only the family Oroscenidae, leaving unknown the phylogenetic placement of the second Orodaria family, Thalassothamnidae (Nakamura et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Taxopodida and Orodariamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phaeodaria is no longer considered to belong to Radiolaria. Relationships between the three radiolarian main entities are still unclear (Sandin, 2019;Nakamura et al, 2021). See Fig.…”

Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and ecology of Radiolaria in modern oceans

Biard

2022

Environmental Microbiology

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Among the many inhabitants of planktonic communities, several lineages have biomineralized intricate skeletons. These have existed for millions of years and include the Radiolaria, a group of marine protists, many of which bear delicate mineral skeletons of different natures. Radiolaria are well known for their paleontological signatures, but little is known about the ecology of modern assemblages. They are found from polar to tropical regions, in the sunlit layers of the ocean down to the deep and cold bathypelagic. They are closely involved in the biogeochemical cycles of silica, carbon and strontium sulfate, carrying important amounts of such elements to the deep ocean. However, relatively little is known on the actual extent of genetic diversity or biogeographic patterns. The rapid emergence and acceptance of molecular approaches have nevertheless led to major advances in our understanding of diversity within and evolutionary relationships between major radiolarian groups. Here, we review the state of knowledge relating to the classification, diversity and ecology of extant radiolarian orders, highlighting the substantial gaps in our understanding of the extent of their contribution to marine biodiversity and their role in marine food webs.

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Rhizaria

Biard¹

2022

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Rhizaria are a diverse group of amoeboid protists characterised by the presence of pseudopodia, cytoplasmic extensions used for locomotion and/or predation. Pseudopodial morphology includes broad and fan‐shaped anterior extensions, finger‐like tubular extensions or a web‐like network. Some Rhizaria build complex tests using inorganic/organic material or a variety of minerals (e.g. opaline, calcium carbonate). The shape of the pseudopodia, and the morphology of the enclosing test or skeleton, when present, are major defining taxonomic characteristics. They are distributed worldwide from surface to deep waters, but also in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, Rhizaria are important marine and terrestrial protists at the base of food webs and thus provide a major link in the transfer of energy to higher‐order consumers. While most are capable of preying on diverse organisms (from inorganic marine snow to bacteria and metazoans), others are obligatory parasites (of land plants or marine invertebrates), and only a few contribute to primary production via photosymbiosis (e.g. Radiolaria) or acquired phototrophy (e.g. Chlorarachnea). Key Concepts The shape and organisation of pseudopodia were among major characteristics used to classify members of the Rhizaria. However, pseudopodial shape is not a conserved feature; and additional evidence, including the fine structure and molecular genetic data, is needed to create a natural classification scheme. The diversity of Rhizaria is broad, including a wide range in size from small naked amoebae (several microns) to giant single cells (up to several centimetres or larger for Xenophyophores). A vast majority of Rhizaria are heterotrophs, feeding on a large diversity of prey, but two groups (Chlorarachnea and Paulinella ) include photosynthetic species. Many of the Rhizaria are free‐living, forming important links in food chains, but others are parasites of algae, aquatic or terrestrial plants, or even marine invertebrates. Some marine Rhizaria (e.g. Radiolaria or Foraminifera) are mixotrophs, hosting a diversity of algal photosymbionts (e.g. green algae, dinoflagellates, etc.). Some testate Rhizaria, bearing mineralised skeletons, settle into aquatic sediments upon death and contribute to the palaeontological record of life and the environment over vast geological time periods.

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Ecology, Morphology, Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of Giant Radiolarians, Orodaria ord. nov. (Radiolaria; Rhizaria; SAR)

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Aquatic organisms as models in biomedical space research

Aquatic organisms as models in biomedical space research

Diversity and ecology of Radiolaria in modern oceans

Rhizaria

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