Ecology and distribution of the carduus nutans group (nodding thistles) in Australia

Doing, H.; Biddiscombe, EF; Knedlhans, S.

doi:10.1007/bf01965915

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The improved germination of 3-month laboratory-stored seed suggests that the mechanism of maturation of a proportion of the seed is physiological with little environmental influence. The reduction in germination when light is excluded (Table 3) is consistent with the observations by Doing et al (1969) that bare ground favours germination. Medd & Lovett (1978a) concluded that germination of fresh seed was strongly enhanced by light.…”

Section: Seed Viabilitysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Seed polymorphism may be a factor in this species.There are variationsin theliteratureregarding seed dormancy. According to Doing et al (1969), McCarty et al (1969), and Lee & Hamrick (1983) there is no period of seed dormancy. However, Lacefield & Gray (1970), Medd & Lovett (1978), and Popay et al (1987) all record innate dormancy of fresh seed.…”

Section: Seed Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspects of the biology of nodding thistle (Carduus nutansL.) in Canterbury, New Zealand

Jessep¹

1990

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Aspects of the biology ofnodding thistle (Carduus nutansL.), with special emphasis on seed production and germination are described. The principal flowering period inCanterbury is December through January. Inflorescences maturing outside this period produced significantly less seed. All ofa series ofmarked seedlings completed their life cycle within 12 months from the date ofgermination. The majority ofseed is producedover an l l-week period. An average of 63 seed-bearing inflorescences were produced per plant. Inflorescence production per plant per week increased with plant age but inflorescence size and seeds per inflorescence declined over the same period. The average production of 6 200 viable seeds per plant was consistently less than the potential of 15300. Excluding pollinating insects by caging immature inflorescences reduced viable seed production by 97%. Dark-coloured seeds, freshly collected from primary inflorescences germinated better than palecoloured seeds from primary inflorescences and all seeds from secondary inflorescences. Adding extra mucilage improved germination of all seeds by 15%. Ninety-four-day-old seed under daylight conditions germinated more successfully than did 12-and 843-day-old seed. Shading severely depressed germination. Twenty-fivedifferentspecies ofinsects were recorded as visitors tonodding thistle plants during the period of this study.

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Section: Seed Viabilitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Seed Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the biology of nodding thistle (Carduus nutansL.) in Canterbury, New Zealand

Jessep¹

1990

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…Baskin & Baskin (1979) explained this variation in terms of differential growth beyond the critical size during the growing season preceding the cold period that induces bolting (e.g. Lang 1957;Doing, Biddiscombe & Knedlhans 1969;Gfier & Caruso 1974). This mechanism would explain why many plants bolt at sizes much larger than the critical size.…”

Section: Previous Studies Of Daucus Carotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic and Environmental Control of Reproductive Timing in a Short-Lived Monocarpic Species Daucus Carota (Umbelliferae)

Lacey¹

1986

The Journal of Ecology

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(1) Offspring of annual, biennial and triennial Daucus carota were grown under three nutrient regimes in a growth chamber to measure the effects of nutrient supply and maternal age of flowering on offspring size and growth rate and the effects of all four variables on year of flowering. (2) Offspring rosette size and recent growth rate were both good predictors of year of flowering. An increase in size but a decrease in relative growth at the end of the summer were associated with an increased probability of flowering in the next season. The results are consistent with the Wilbur-Collins model, which suggests that both size and recent growth rate influence reproductive timing and that individuals track resources by delaying the year of reproduction if resources abound or by accelerating reproduction if resources become limiting. This model, although proposed for amphibians, may describe the general relationship between growth and reproductive timing in monocarpic plants. (3) Maternal age and nutrient supply influenced rosette size, relative growth rate, and flowering time. Annual maternal plants and high nutrients produced both the largest offspring and the greatest number of annuals. Also, the maternal contribution acted directly upon the year of flowering as well as indirectly through size and recent growth. Both genetic variability and habitat heterogeneity explain the variation in year of flowering in natural populations. (4) The results provide evidence that the early-rosette growth rate and the length of the prereproductive period are negatively correlated, as predicted by theories about the evolution of life-history patterns. Rapid growth may help annuals to persist in habitats which generally favour biennials. (5) Response to nutrient supply did not vary among maternal age groups as might be expected in colonizing species. This suggests that phenotypic plasticity in response to nutrient supply evolves independently of year of reproduction.

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“…(Moore and Frankton 1974). The species has also been introduced to Argentina (Mulligan and Frankton 1954), Australia and New Zealand (Doing et al 1969;Medd 1981 (Hensley 1973;Johnson 1974;Batra 1978 (b) Substratum -Batra (1978) reported that in the northeastern United States the economic infestations of C. nutans and C. acanthoides were associated with fertile soils formed over limestone. Conversely, on poorer mica-shist derived soils, the two species did not form any serious infestation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the distribution of C. nutans is restricted mainly by its low tolerance of extremes in soil water content, nutrient dehcient or acid soils, and competition from other plant species (Doing et al 1969). Specihc information for fData from Harris (1984), Mulligan (1956, 1964), Mulligan and Frankton (1954) Moore and Frankton (1914) (Kok 1978;Roberts and Chancellor 19'79).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 89. Carduus nutans L. and Carduus acanthoides L.

Desrochers¹,

Bain²,

Warwick³

1988

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Ecology and distribution of the carduus nutans group (nodding thistles) in Australia

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Aspects of the biology of nodding thistle (Carduus nutansL.) in Canterbury, New Zealand

Aspects of the biology of nodding thistle (Carduus nutansL.) in Canterbury, New Zealand

The Genetic and Environmental Control of Reproductive Timing in a Short-Lived Monocarpic Species Daucus Carota (Umbelliferae)

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 89. Carduus nutans L. and Carduus acanthoides L.

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