Ecology and conservation of the Red-tailed AmazonAmazona brasiliensisin south-eastern Brazil

Abstract

SummaryThe Red-tailed Amazon Amazona brasiliensis was found to be restricted to a complex mosaic of forests growing on the narrow coastal plain of eastern Brazil. The species depends on habitat heterogeneity for both food and breeding. In Sào Paulo state the 1,550 individuals are divided into 16 populations. The global total of the species may be around 3,600 birds. They feed mainly on fruits, flowers and nectar, also occasionally insects. Most nests are found in permanently flooded forest, apparently because of greater cavity availability. Poaching has had a great impact and is the most immediate threat to the species.O Papagaio de Cara-Roxa Amazona brasiliensis é restrito a um complexo mosaico de florestas na estreita planicie costeirano leste do Brasil. Os papagaios dependem da heterogeneidade do ambiente tanto para sua alimentaçāo como reproducao. No estado de São Paulo existem 1,550 papagaios, divididos em 16 grupos. A populaçāo total da espécie pode ser de 3,600 individuos. Os papagaios se alimentam principalmente de frutos, flores e néctar, com alguns casos de insetivoria. A maioria dos ninhos foi encontrada em florestas permanentemente inundadas (caxetais), aparentemente devido a maior disponibilidade de cavidades. A captura para o comércio ilegal tern tido um grande impacto sobre a espécie e é a maior ameaça à sua sobrevivéncia.

Nesting success and productivity of Tucuman Parrots(Amazona tucumana)in high-altitude forests of Argentina: do they differ from lowlandAmazonaparrots?

“…High rates of nesting success for Thick-billed Parrots have also been attributed in part to low rates of poaching (1 of 187 nests) (Monterrubio et al 2002). Many studies reporting low reproductive output for parrots were conducted in areas where poaching affects productivity and nesting success (Martuscelli 1995;Wright et al 2001;Rodríguez Castillo and Eberhard 2006;Sanz and Rodríguez Ferraro 2006). However for some species, low productivity can be explained not by the influence of poaching but by high levels of predation and low food availability (Renton and Salinas Melgoza 2004).…”

“…0-13%), rates of nest poaching were high (Martuscelli 1995;Rodríguez Castillo and Eberhard 2006). Most Amazona species have a mean clutchsize of 2.6-3.6 eggs and produce 0.3-2.5 fledglings per female (Snyder et al 1987;Gnam and Rockwell 1991;Enkerlin-Hoeflich 1995;Martuscelli 1995;Koenig 2001;Renton and Salinas Melgoza 2004;Rodríguez Castillo and Eberhard 2006;Sanz and Rodríguez Ferraro 2006).…”

The breeding biology of Rose-ringed ParakeetsPsittacula krameriin England during a period of rapid population expansion

“…Human predation on nests (i.e. removing young from cavities) is a widespread problem for other parrot species (Thomsen & Mulliken 1991, Koenig 2001, Martuscelli 2003. However, it did not appear to be a widespread problem in the UK, with the exception of the Isle of Thanet.…”

Parrot populations and habitat use in and around two lowland Atlantic forest reserves, Brazil

“…3). The survey period corresponds to the dry, cold season prior to the main breeding season for parrots in the region (Forshaw, 1989;Martuscelli, 1995).…”

“…The region holds around 200 endemic bird species, many of which are believed to be threatened, primarily due to habitat alteration (Sick, 1993;Collar et al, 1994;Goerck, 1997) but, in some species, also through direct exploitation (Martuscelli, 1995;Galetti et al, 1997). Altogether, 21 parrot species occur in the region, of which seven are classi®ed as Endangered and two Vulnerable (Collar et al, 1994).…”