Ecology and Biotechnological Potential of Bacteria Belonging to the Genus Pseudovibrio

Abstract

Members of the genus have been isolated worldwide from a great variety of marine sources as both free-living and host-associated bacteria. So far, the available data depict a group of alphaproteobacteria characterized by a versatile metabolism, which allows them to use a variety of substrates to meet their carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous requirements. Additionally,-related bacteria have been shown to proliferate under extreme oligotrophic conditions, tolerate high heavy-metal concentrations, and metabolize potentially toxic compounds. Considering this versatility, it is not surprising that they have been detected from temperate to tropical regions and are often the most abundant isolates obtained from marine invertebrates. Such an association is particularly recurrent with marine sponges and corals, animals that play a key role in benthic marine systems. The data so far available indicate that these bacteria are mainly beneficial to the host, and besides being involved in major nutrient cycles, they could provide the host with both vitamins/cofactors and protection from potential pathogens via the synthesis of antimicrobial secondary metabolites. In fact, the biosynthetic abilities of spp. have been emerging in recent years, and both genomic and analytic studies have underlined how these organisms promise novel natural products of biotechnological value.

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“…Likewise, this follows the logic presented by Tiarno et al (32) that bioactive compound producers are often abundant, and host-specific. Second, the Pseudovibrio genus has been reported to be an efficient natural product producer (65). Lastly, even though the extracts were surveyed for PalA from str.…”

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“…in sponges such as Aplysilla rosea, in which Pseudovibrio represented the predominant genus and comprised approximately 8 % of the bacterial community. [104,113,117,118] A recent analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon data from natural bacterial communities of marine invertebrates also corroborated that Pseudovibrio spp. occur sponge-associated, often with a relative abundance of � 0.1 % of the bacterial communities and in some cases of � 0.5 %.…”

“…[91,92] Often, these bacteria live associated with marine invertebrates such as ascidians/tunicates, [93,94] micro [51,53] and macro algae, [68] soft and stony corals, [73,95] tube worms, [96] numerous marine sponges, [97][98][99][100][101][102][103] and many other marine eukaryotes. [104] In particular, the tendency to form strong biofilms also on biotic surfaces is a crucial prerequisite for host colonization. [4,105] While the type of symbiosis (antagonistic, commensal, or mutualistic) is often challenging to determine and may even be situative (see Section 4.3.…”

“…[88,103,111] This includes various mechanisms for interaction with their hosts, such as evasion of host defense and digestion as well as features allowing for both intra-and extracellular colonization. [88,104,112,113] A recent survey suggested up to 44 % relative abundance in natural (i. e., nonenriched) bacterial communities, for example, in the stony coral Stylophora pistillata and many others. [104] Additionally, pyrosequencing also verified Pseudovibrio spp.…”

“…[88,104,112,113] A recent survey suggested up to 44 % relative abundance in natural (i. e., nonenriched) bacterial communities, for example, in the stony coral Stylophora pistillata and many others. [104] Additionally, pyrosequencing also verified Pseudovibrio spp. in different coral species.…”