Ecological Systems Theory: Exploring the Development of the Theoretical Framework as Conceived by Bronfenbrenner

Abstract

The Ecological Systems theory represents a convergence of biological, psychological, and social sciences. Through the study of the ecology of human development, social scientists seek to explain and understand the ways in which an individual interacts with the interrelated systems within that individual’s environment (Bronfenbrenner, 1983a). Bronfenbrenner (1994) sought to develop a theory of human development that would consider the influences of all of the systems that play a role in impacting the lived experiences of the individual no matter how remote the influence. Today, many of these concepts are commonplace in social work practice (micro-, meso-, and macrosystems, for instance); however, its foundation of empirical support is often less understood. This article will explore the historical development of the Ecological Systems theory through the works of Bronfenbrenner, will examine the empirical evidence supporting the theory, and will discuss the implications of the theory within social work practice.

Education for Sustainable Development as the Catalyst for Local Transitions Toward the Sustainable Development Goals

“…This is alternatively called cultural capital and may enhance or inhibit learning especially if the learning environment is biased or not inclusive of the differences among learners (Cobern, 1996). The learner is influenced, according to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, by various spheres with which they interact (Crawford, 2020).…”

Psychosocial and economic challenges faced by young fathers in assuming parental responsibilities in South African communities

“…In other words, a male who has not acknowledged impregnating a female through compensating the female's family will be denied access to his child. Crawford (2020) confirmed that although many fathers are reluctant to pay damages and follow cultural practices of the maternal family, they end up agreeing for the sake of their children. Ecosystems theory hold the view that old community members hold an important position that everyone is expected to respect hence these fathers have no choice but to find means to provide for their children.…”

“…It was initially looking at the science of living organisms (Ecology) but later moved to ecosystems theory that aims to understand the relationship between individuals and their environment (Weyers, 2011). According to Crawford (2020), Bronfenbrenner (1976 understood that many theories are based on understanding individuals in isolation and came up with one that will uncover how the immediate systems of an individual affect their development and how these individuals' affects the systems. In other words, the ecosystems theory is embedded in comprehending how individuals relate to one another and how the environment comes about affecting their lives.…”

“…Rosa and Tudge (2013) perused these developmental layers as follows; firstly, the microsystem which describes the development of a person within their immediate surroundings unpacking the roles, activities and interpersonal relationships that an individual has over time. The microsystems can entail family members or people who maintain direct and consistent contact with the individual (Crawford, 2020). For example, for children it can be family and friends meanwhile for adults it can be colleagues or gym mates.…”

“…Lastly, the Macrosystem entails the globally shared cultural laws and customs and the interaction within and between the microsystems, mesosystems and Exosystems. Crawford (2020) reiterates that the development of a human being can go wrong if an individual is not correctly integrated into a system, and this can affect how they respond to adult life situations. For example, the behaviour of children with unsupportive and unresponsive parents can be impaired.…”