Ecological Specialization of Two Photobiont-Specific Maritime Cyanolichen Species of the Genus Lichina

Ortiz‐Álvarez, Rüdiger; Rı́os, Asunción de los; Fernández-Mendoza, Fernando; Burrial, Antonio Torralba; Pérez‐Ortega, Sergio

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132718

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Interestingly there were multiple Lewinella , Tunicatimonas and Rubricoccus OTUs in each lichen species and OTUs that were affiliated to the same genus were differentially distributed between the two Lichina species (e.g., see the Lewinella OTUs 6, 7, 24 and 61 in Fig 4). This could suggest that these bacterial genera belong to ecologically differentiated pools as was already shown for the for the Rivularia cyanobionts of the same lichen species (Ortiz-Álvarez et al, 2015). This mechanism of niche adaptation is thought to occur in extreme environments and could also apply to the bacteria associated to these marine lichens, which became adapted to the intertidal or supratidal zones.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Marine cyanolichens from different littoral zones are associated with distinct bacterial communities

West

Parrot

Fayet

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The microbial diversity and function of terrestrial lichens has been well studied, but knowledge about the non-photosynthetic bacteria associated with marine lichens is still scarce. 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing was used to assess the culture-independent bacterial diversity in the strictly marine cyanolichen species Lichina pygmaea and Lichina confinis, and the maritime chlorolichen species Xanthoria aureola which occupy different areas on the littoral zone. Inland terrestrial cyanolichens from Austria were also analysed as for the marine lichens to examine further the impact of habitat/lichen species on the associated bacterial communities. The L. confinis and L. pygmaea communities were significantly different from those of the maritime Xanthoria aureola lichen found higher up on the littoral zone and these latter communities were more similar to those of the inland terrestrial lichens. The strictly marine lichens were dominated by the Bacteroidetes phylum accounting for 50% of the sequences, whereas Alphaproteobacteria, notably Sphingomonas, dominated the maritime and the inland terrestrial lichens. Bacterial communities associated with the two Lichina species were significantly different sharing only 33 core OTUs, half of which were affiliated to the Bacteroidetes genera Rubricoccus, Tunicatimonas and Lewinella, suggesting an important role of these species in the marine Lichina lichen symbiosis. Marine cyanolichens showed a higher abundance of OTUs likely affiliated to moderately thermophilic and/or radiation resistant bacteria belonging to the Phyla Chloroflexi, Thermi, and the families Rhodothermaceae and Rubrobacteraceae when compared to those of inland terrestrial lichens. This most likely reflects the exposed and highly variable conditions to which they are subjected daily.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Marine cyanolichens from different littoral zones are associated with distinct bacterial communities

West

Parrot

Fayet

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Stem ages also largely agree with a post‐tracheophyte origin, but are treated with caution as sister‐group relationships are often unknown, and sampling was not designed to capture sister groups; consequently, these may overestimate true stem ages. While age estimates of lichen‐associated cyanobacteria are few, those examined—including the Nostoc symbiotic clade and Rivularia —also postdate the evolution of tracheophytes (Ortiz‐Álvarez, de los Ríos, Fernández‐Mendoza, Torralba‐Burrial, & Pérez‐Ortega, ; Shih, Hemp, Ward, Matzke, & Fischer, ). Together, this suggests a relative paucity of suitable photobiont lineages with which any hypothetical LFF could have associated with in pre‐tracheophyte ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No support for the emergence of lichens prior to the evolution of vascular plants

et al. 2019

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The early‐successional status of lichens in modern terrestrial ecosystems, together with the role lichen‐mediated weathering plays in the carbon cycle, have contributed to the long and widely held assumption that lichens occupied early terrestrial ecosystems prior to the evolution of vascular plants and drove global change during this time. Their poor preservation potential and the classification of ambiguous fossils as lichens or other fungal–algal associations have further reinforced this view. As unambiguous fossil data are lacking to demonstrate the presence of lichens prior to vascular plants, we utilize an alternate approach to assess their historic presence in early terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we analyze new time‐calibrated phylogenies of ascomycete fungi and chlorophytan algae, that intensively sample lineages with lichen symbionts. Age estimates for several interacting clades show broad congruence and demonstrate that fungal origins of lichenization postdate the earliest tracheophytes. Coupled with the absence of unambiguous fossil data, our work finds no support for lichens having mediated global change during the Neoproterozoic‐early Paleozoic prior to vascular plants. We conclude by discussing our findings in the context of Neoproterozoic‐Paleozoic terrestrial ecosystem evolution and the paleoecological context in which vascular plants evolved.

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“…The results of all GMYC analyses are summarized in a matrix of pairwise co-assignment probabilities for each haplotype. To obtain a consensus partition making use of k-medioids clustering (Kaufman and Rousseeuw 1990) and optimum average silhouette width to estimate the optimum number of clusters as used in (Ortiz-Alvarez et al 2015). For the latter we used function pamk as implemented in R package fpc (Henning 2014) on the co-assignment matrix converted into its dissimilarity correlate.…”

Section: Otu-and Cluster Delimitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High levels of endemism and local differentiation in the fungal and algal symbionts of saxicolous lecideoid lichens along a latitudinal gradient in southern South America

Ruprecht

Mendoza

Tuerk

et al. 2019

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Saxicolous, lecideoid lichenized-fungi have a cosmopolitan distribution but, being mostly cold adapted, are especially abundant in polar and high-mountain regions. To date, little is known of their origin or the extent of their trans-equatorial dispersal. Several mycobiont genera and species are thought to be restricted to either the northern or southern hemisphere, whereas others are thought to be widely distributed and occur in both hemispheres. However, these assumptions often rely on morphological analyses and lack supporting molecular genetic data. Also unknown is the extent of regional differentiation in the southern Polar Regions.An extensive set of lecideoid lichens (185) was collected along a latitudinal gradient at the southern end of South America, always staying in areas of subantarctic climate by increasing the elevation of the collecting sites with decreasing latitude. The investigated specimens were brought into a global context by including Antarctic and cosmopolitan sequences from other studies. For each symbiont three markers were used to identify intraspecific variation (mycobiont: ITS, mtSSU, RPB1; photobiont: ITS, psbJ-L, COX2). For the mycobiont the saxicolous genera Lecidea, Porpidia, Poeltidea and Lecidella and their photobionts Asterochloris and Trebouxia were phylogenetically revised. The resultsshow for several globally distributed species groups geographically highly differentiated subclades, classified as operational taxonomical units (OTUs), which were assigned to the different regions of southern South America (sSA). Further, for sSA, several small endemic and well supported clades were detected at the species level for both symbionts. Keywords subantarctic subregion, pioneer vegetation on rock, global distribution, local differentiation, endemism, glacial refugia Dedicated to Hannes Hertel on his 80 th birthday in appreciation of his life-long investigation of lecideoid lichens. nM of each of the four dNTPs, 0.3 µM of each primer and about 1 ng genomic DNA.For each symbiont, three markers were amplified and sequenced with the primers presented in Table S3 with conditions as described in Ruprecht et al. (2014) and Ruprecht et al. (2016). Unpurified PCRproducts were sent to Eurofins Genomics/Germany for sequencing. Mycobiont:The internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) was amplified for all specimens. Furthermore, the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) and the large subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RPB1) were amplified for the Lecidea/Porpidida/Poeltidea group.

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Ecological Specialization of Two Photobiont-Specific Maritime Cyanolichen Species of the Genus Lichina

Cited by 38 publications

References 103 publications

Marine cyanolichens from different littoral zones are associated with distinct bacterial communities

Marine cyanolichens from different littoral zones are associated with distinct bacterial communities

No support for the emergence of lichens prior to the evolution of vascular plants

High levels of endemism and local differentiation in the fungal and algal symbionts of saxicolous lecideoid lichens along a latitudinal gradient in southern South America

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