Ecological Significance of Resistance to High Temperature

Kappen, L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68090-8_15

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…However, it is possible that a temporary lack of available calcium occurs as a result of flooding, disturbing the balance of ion absorption from the soil solution by the roots (Crawford, 1982). High temperatures may drastically affect root physiology and microbial activities in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane (Kappen, 1981, Stotzky, 1968. Our study showed that at relatively high temperatures, damage increased with duration of flooding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Reproducible induction of cavity spot in carrots and physiological and microbial changes occurring during cavity formation

Soroker

Bashan

Okon

1984

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Summary-Inoculation of carrots with 40 types of bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic, including clostridia isolated from cavity spots, failed to induce cavity spot in carrots. A combined stress of minimum 6 h flooding and temperatures higher than 28°C clearly induced cavity formation. Sugars, amino acids, lipids and minerals leaked from the carrots after flooding and heating the roots. A longer growth period following stress markedly increased cavity spots. Soil types (sandy loam and loess) and several carrot cultivars tested had no marked effect on spot formation. Cavities were formed in stressed carrots grown in sterilized soil containing only one type of bacterium, a Gram-negative short rod. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that after carrots were subjected to combined stress, microscopic cavities nearly free of bacteria were formed under the epidermis. Proliferation of bacteria was concommitant with the appearance of visible cavities. Cell-free extracts of infected carrots showed higher protease and pectinase-specific activities, as well as significantly higher peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities and total phenol content as compared to healthy carrots.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…High temperatures may cause protein denaturation and especially loss of membrane permeability in roots (Kappen, 1981). Guba et al (1961) claimed that cavity formation following stress was caused by self-degradation of the tissue situated below the cork cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducible induction of cavity spot in carrots and physiological and microbial changes occurring during cavity formation

Soroker

Bashan

Okon

1984

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…Yet, water stress, leading to stomatal closure and increased leaf temperatures (Kappen 1981), often develops during the season and over the day, and is also more significant for the upper canopy leaves in temperate forest trees (Niinemets et al 1999b). If leaf water stress is accompanied by low wind speeds above the canopy, leaf temperatures may closely follow or even exceed the air temperatures.…”

Section: Modifications In Temperature Response Of Photosynthetic Elecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape of leaf photosynthetic electron transport versus temperature response curve is not constant along canopy light gradients in temperate deciduous trees

Niinemets

Oja

Kull

1999

Plant Cell & Environment

102

101

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energy for mitochondrial respiration rate were also observed, indicating that acclimation to temperature of mitochondrial and chloroplastic electron transport proceeds in a co-ordinated manner, and possibly involves longterm changes in membrane fluidity properties. We conclude that, because of correlations between temperature and light, the shapes of J max versus T, and R d versus T response curves vary within tree canopies, and this needs to be taken account in modelling whole canopy photosynthesis.Key-words: Populus tremula; Tilia cordata; chlorophyll fluorescence; feedback limitations; light gradients; photosynthetic electron transport; temperature acclimation. INTRODUCTIONIn temperate trees, foliar maximum photosynthesis rates (A max ) increase with long-term integrated quantum flux density (e.g. Walters & Field 1987;Ellsworth & Reich 1993;Pearcy & Sims 1994;Niinemets & Tenhunen 1997;, and the light acclimation of leaf photosynthetic characters is the major factor optimizing whole canopy carbon gain (Gutschick 1988;Gutschick & Wiegel 1988;. Although the positive scaling of A max with irradiance improves canopy carbon gain under moderate environmental stresses that always occur in natural ecosystems, in long-term, canopy carbon accumulation is also dependent on the ability of leaves to maintain this increased capacity over periods of more severe and long-lasting stresses that may frequently accompany light gradients in tree canopies. For example, daily average integrated quantum flux density incident on the leaves (Q int ) correlates positively with daily average air temperature and vapour pressure deficit (Chiariello 1984;Shuttleworth et al. 1985;Margolis & Ryan 1997) within the canopy. Because of these correlations, the leaves exposed to higher irradiance frequently also suffer from greater water ( ABSTRACTResponses of foliar light-saturated net assimilation rate (A max ), capacity for photosynthetic electron transport (J max ) and mitochondrial respiration rate (R d ) to long-term canopy light and temperature environment were investigated in a temperate deciduous canopy composed of Populus tremula L. in the upper (17-28 m) and of Tilia cordata Mill. in the lower canopy layer (4-17 m). Climatic measurements indicated that seasonal average daily maximum air temperature (T max ) was 5·5°C (range 0·7-10·5°C) higher in the top than in the bottom of the canopy, and strong positive correlations were observed between T max and seasonal average integrated quantum flux density (Q int ), as well as between seasonal average daily mean temperature and Q int . Because of changes in leaf dry mass and nitrogen per unit area, A max , J max , and R d scaled positively with Q int in both species at a common leaf temperature (T). According to J max versus T response curves and dark chlorophyll fluorescence transients, photosynthetic electron transport was less heat resistant in P. tremula with optimum temperature of J max , T opt , of 33·5 ± 0·6°C than in T. cordata with T opt of 40·7 ± 0·6°C. This difference was suggested t...

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“…The lower survival limit for Choristocarpus teneflus became constant after an incubation time of 5 weeks (Orfanidis, 1991), while Colpomenia peregrina and Gigartina teedii reached their constant lower survival limit after an incubation time of 6 or 8 weeks (Orfanidis, 1993). Acclimation to different temperatures may influence the temperature tolerance of a species only in a genetically determined restricted interval (Precht et al, 1973;Kappen, 1981;Steponkus, 1981). E. linza thalli acclimated for 8 weeks to temperatures near to their lower or upper survival limits, exceeded the 'normal' tolerance limits by 2~ compared to values determined for experimental algae acclimated to a medium temperature (15 ~ (Tables 3, 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acclimation temperature on temperature responses ofPorphyra leucosticta andEnteromorpha linza from the Gulf of Thessaloniki, Greece

Orfanidis

Haritonidis

1996

Helgolander Meeresunters

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The effect of the acclimation temperature on the temperature tolerance of Porphyra leucosticta, and on the temperature requirements for growth and survival of Enteromorpha/inza was determined under laboratory conditions. Thalli of P. leucosticta (blade or Conchocelis phases), acclimated to twenty-five degrees, survived up to 30 ~ i.e. 2 ~ more than those acclimated to 15 ~ which survived up to 28~Lower temperature tolerance of both Porphyra phases that were acclimated to 15 ~ was -1 ~ after an 8-week exposure time at the experimental temperatures. The upper temperature tolerance of E. linza also increased by 2~ i.e. from 31 to 33~ when it was acclimated to 30~ instead of 15 ~ The lower temperature tolerance increased from 1 to -1~ when it was acclimated to 5~ instead of 15~ E. linza thalli acclimated for 4 weeks to 5 or 10~ reached their maximum growth at 15~ i.e. at a 5~ lower temperature than those acclimated to 15 or 30~ These thalli achieved higher growth rates in percent of maximal growth at low temperatures than those acclimated to 15 or 30 ~ Thalli acclimated for 1 week to 5 ~ reached their maximum growth rate at 20~ and achieved growth rates at low temperatures similar to those recorded for thatli acclimated to 15~ Thalli of E. linza acclimated for 4 weeks to 5~ lost this acclimation after being post-cultivated for the same period at 15 ~ That was not the case with thalli acclimated for 8 weeks to 5~ and post-acclirnated for 4 weeks to 15~ These thalli displayed similar growth patterns at 10-25 ~ while a decline of growth rate was observed at 5 or 30~ The significance of the acclimation potential of E. //nza with regard to its seasonality in the Gulf of Thessaloniki, and its distribution in the N Atlantic, is also discussed.

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Ecological Significance of Resistance to High Temperature

Cited by 49 publications

References 128 publications

Reproducible induction of cavity spot in carrots and physiological and microbial changes occurring during cavity formation

Reproducible induction of cavity spot in carrots and physiological and microbial changes occurring during cavity formation

Shape of leaf photosynthetic electron transport versus temperature response curve is not constant along canopy light gradients in temperate deciduous trees

Effect of acclimation temperature on temperature responses ofPorphyra leucosticta andEnteromorpha linza from the Gulf of Thessaloniki, Greece

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