Ecological roles of saprotrophic Peronosporales (Oomycetes, Straminipila) in natural environments

Marano, Agostina V.; Jesus, Ana Lúcia de; Souza, José Ivanildo de; Jerônimo, Gustavo Henrique; Gonçalves, Danilo Reis; Boro, Marcela Castilho; Rocha, Sandra; Pires-Zottarelli, Carmen Lidia Amorim

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2015.06.003

Cited by 52 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Rivers receive water, nutrients and pollutants from their riverbank areas; therefore, it seems plausible that Phytophthora zoospores could be collected as well. Some Phytophthora species (mainly belonging to clade 6) develop their life cycle in water bodies as saprophytic organisms (Marano et al., ) and occurred ubiquitously in our study, irrespective of the surrounding environment: for example, P. lacustris and P. gonapodyides . Nevertheless, we found that the surrounding environment was associated with shifts in the Phytophthora community composition, specifically with the likelihood of finding invasive Phytophthoras (not belonging to clade 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Are Nurseries the Main Pathway For Phytophthora Introduction?mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…While P. ramorum causes extensive tanoak mortality, the impact of P. nemorosa is difficult to quantify due to its relatively non-aggressive behaviour (Hansen, Reeser, & Sutton, 2017). Measuring the impact of Phytophthoras is ultimately difficult when they are not causal agents of infectious diseases, as is the case for some saprophytic Phytophthora species frequently found in water systems (Hansen, Reeser, & Sutton, 2012;Marano et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional traits associated with the establishment of introduced Phytophthora spp. in Swedish forests

Redondo

Boberg

Stenlid

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Invasive forest pathogens of the genus Phytophthora are threatening ecosystems globally. Phytophthora species are mainly introduced by humans importing infected nursery stock. However, due to the presence of environmental filters, not all introduced Phytophthoras manage to establish and spread. Phytophthoras’ ability to overcome these filters may be linked to functional traits. In northern Europe, the increasing number of reports calls for a better understanding of the invasion process to prevent future outbreaks. We hypothesized that the incidence of invasive Phytophthoras in urban locations would be higher than in remote forests, that there would be a decrease of species richness along the invasion process because of environmental filtering, and that there would be a functional shift among Phytophthora communities between stages of invasion. We compared the species composition of 96 sites from 16 rivers running through areas that constitute a gradient of human influence. We also compared the species composition and functional diversity of Phytophthora communities in eight nurseries and 14 forests, including anthropogenic and natural forests. Phytophthoras were isolated from river water, soil and/or plant tissue. Cultures were identified based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer region. Three Phytophthoras were detected in all environments (Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora cambivora). The incidence of these species was higher in urban locations than in remote forests, suggesting that human activities act as a driver of invasion. Most of the Phytophthoras detected in forests were detected in nurseries. The Phytophthora community in nurseries was richer and more diverse than in forests, pointing to environmental filtering affecting the establishment. Phytophthora communities in nurseries and forests differed in their functional divergence. Traits associated with establishment were the ability to form asexual survival structures and lower cardinal temperatures for growth. Synthesis and applications. Our findings support the view that human activities act as drivers of Phytophthora invasions, and suggest that Phytophthoras able to form asexual structures are more likely to establish in northern Europe. The results increase the capacity to predict the establishment of Phytophthora species in Sweden and expand our understanding of the invasion process of forest pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Are Nurseries the Main Pathway For Phytophthora Introduction?mentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional traits associated with the establishment of introduced Phytophthora spp. in Swedish forests

Redondo

Boberg

Stenlid

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Some species produce resistant resting structures such as thick walled oospores or stroma and would be better able to survive hot dry summers (Rea et al 2011, Crone et al 2013, while those with better saprophytic ability can survive in warm wet biologically active soils and water (Brasier et al 2003, Jung et al 2011, Marano et al 2015. There was a clear role for rainfall influencing community composition as precipitation gradients in both the warmest and wettest months were consistently the most important.…”

Section: Drivers Of Phytophthora Distribution and Community Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Phytophthora diversity and community composition in natural areas across diverse Australian ecoregions

et al. 2018

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Comprehensive understanding of the patterns and drivers of microbial diversity at a landscape scale is in its infancy, despite the recent ease by which soil communities can be characterized using massively parallel amplicon sequencing. Here we report on a comprehensive analysis of the drivers of diversity distribution and composition of the ecologically and economically important Phytophthora genus from 414 soil samples collected across Australia. We assessed 22 environmental and seven categorical variables as potential predictors of Phytophthora species richness, α and β diversity, including both phylogenetically and non-phylogenically explicit methods. In addition, we classified each species as putatively native or introduced and examined the distribution with respect to putative origin. The two most widespread species, P. multivora and P. cinnamomi, are introduced, though five of the ten most widely distributed species are putatively native. Introduced taxa comprised over 54% of Australia's Phytophthora diversity and these species are known pathogens of annual and perennial crop habitats as well as urban landscapes and forestry. Patterns of composition were most strongly predicted by bioregion (R 2 = 0.29) and ecoregion (R 2 = 0.26) identity; mean precipitation of warmest quarter, mean temperature of the wettest quarter and latitude were also highly significant and described approximately 21, 14 and 13% of variation in NMDS composition, respectively. We also found statistically significant evidence for phylogenetic over-dispersion with respect to key climate variables.This study provides a strong baseline for understanding biogeographical patterns in this important genus as well the impact of key plant pathogens and invasive Phytophthora species in natural ecosystems.

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“…The ecological role of clade 6 Phytophthora spp. remains largely unstudied; however, growing evidence suggests that they may act as first colonizers of plant debris, enabling nutrients to move upward through trophic levels via zoospore grazing and by creating suitable environments for detritivores (31). P. lacustris has been isolated from root lesions of multiple species, and pathogenicity assays demonstrated that it is a mild pathogen on Salix and Prunus spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora Species in Rivers and Streams of the Southwestern United States

Stamler

Sanogo

Goldberg

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Phytophthora species were isolated from rivers and streams in the southwestern United States by leaf baiting and identified by sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The major waterways examined included the Rio Grande River, Gila River, Colorado River, and San Juan River. The most prevalent species identified in rivers and streams were Phytophthora lacustris and P. riparia, both members of Phytophthora ITS clade 6. P. gonapodyides, P. cinnamomi, and an uncharacterized Phytophthora species in clade 9 were also recovered. In addition, six isolates recovered from the Rio Grande River were shown to be hybrids of P. lacustris ؋ P. riparia. Pathogenicity assays using P. riparia and P. lacustris failed to produce any disease symptoms on commonly grown crops in the southwestern United States. Inoculation of Capsicum annuum with P. riparia was shown to inhibit disease symptom development when subsequently challenged with P. capsici, a pathogenic Phytophthora species. IMPORTANCEMany Phytophthora species are significant plant pathogens causing disease on a large variety of crops worldwide. Closer examinations of streams, rivers, and forest soils have also identified numerous Phytophthora species that do not appear to be phytopathogens and likely act as early saprophytes in aquatic and saturated environments. To date, the Phytophthora species composition in rivers and streams of the southwestern United States has not been evaluated. This article details a study to determine the identity and prevalence of Phytophthora species in rivers and streams located in New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and Texas. Isolated species were evaluated for pathogenicity on crop plants and for their potential to act as biological control agents.

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Ecological roles of saprotrophic Peronosporales (Oomycetes, Straminipila) in natural environments

Cited by 52 publications

References 74 publications

Functional traits associated with the establishment of introduced Phytophthora spp. in Swedish forests

Functional traits associated with the establishment of introduced Phytophthora spp. in Swedish forests

Predictors of Phytophthora diversity and community composition in natural areas across diverse Australian ecoregions

Phytophthora Species in Rivers and Streams of the Southwestern United States

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