Ecological risk assessment of microplastics in coastal, shelf, and deep sea waters with a consideration of environmentally relevant size and shape

The role of waste management in reducing bioplastics’ leakage into the environment: A review

“…He et al, 2018, Jung et al, 2021. In the last few years, concerns emerged regarding the partial degradation of bioplastics in natural and industrial environments, as well as the fate in the environment of bioplastics residues coming from waste management(Abraham et al, 2021, Emadian et al, 2017…”

Catchment-wide flooding significantly altered microplastics organization in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir

“…For films: where ρ is the average density of microplastics, 0.98 g cm −3 ( Senathirajah et al., 2021 ); d is the measured maximum size of microplastics based on the stereo microscope, μm; r represents the radius of the fiber and was assumed to be 10 μm as the median radius ( Jung et al., 2021 ); h is the thickness of the film and was assumed to be equivalent the diameter of fiber (20 μm). The weighted average mass of microplastics ( M w ) was calculated as: where i , j , and k are the counted numbers of fragments, fibers, and films, respectively.…”

Microplastics in mangroves and coral reef ecosystems: a review

“…Depending upon the sources of contaminations, the size of microplastics in aquatic samples obtained from different regions varied. In general, the dominant form of microplastics that were observed in marine organisms, were majorly in the form of microfibres or fragments that might have resulted from fishing nets being used (Ma et al 2020;Jung et al 2021).…”

“…Rather when present in the form of spherical particles, their chances of settleability or sedimentation would be comparatively higher. Jung et al (2021), when studying the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics in different coastal systems, found that non spherical particles showed a higher risk of toxicity effects than spherical ones, and were found in abundance in the coastal waters than open seawater (Jung et al 2021).…”