Ecological restoration of forests in Fennoscandia: defining reference stand structures and immediate effects of restoration

Lilja, Saara

doi:10.14214/df.18

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Terms unmanaged, unlogged, semi-natural and near-natural forests are applied in recent boreal Fennoscandian forest studies (Okland 1994, Uotila et al 2001, Similä et al 2002, Uotila 2004, Wallenius 2004, Lilja and Kuuluvainen 2005, Wallenius et al 2005, Lilja 2006, Lilja et al 2006. Wallenius (2004) defines the term unmanaged forest as a forest that is unaffected by modern forestry.…”

Section: The Applied Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uotila (2004) apply the term semi-natural for forests that lie outside the scope of regular management and timber harvesting, if they have early human impacts characterized by the removal of single trees in light selection fellings. Lilja's (2006) definition for near-natural forest is: "unmanaged stand that may show traces of past human impact, i.e. < 5 cut stumps per hectare".…”

Section: The Applied Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The natural northern European boreal forests: unifying the concepts, terminologies, and their application

Rouvinen

Kouki²

2008

Silva Fenn.

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Recent emphasis on conserving the biodiversity has stressed the value of natural ecosystems in saving the species from extinction. In the Fennoscandian region the conifer-dominated boreal forests form the largest single ecosystem. The forests have been under varying intensity of human influence for decades or centuries. Recent attempts have tried to seek the last remaining natural forests to be included in the protection programmes. However, due to long and widespread human influence, finding and defining the natural forests has proven to be extremely difficult, not only because they are so rare but also because the concept of natural forest is vague. These difficulties are partly seen through the diverse terminology used. We first review the varying terminology as seen in recent studies. Secondly, we propose the basis for defining the natural forest and show some intriguing and challenging difficulties are involved in the concept. These difficulties are at least partly related to inherent strong and long-term dynamic component in boreal forest ecosystems that is manifested over several temporal and spatial scales. Finally, we outline a more general terminology with associated indicators and measurements that might be used in the classification and terminology. Conceptual clarification is necessary, for example, to compile ecologically justified and representative global, national and regional forest statistics. Many currently applied definitions of "forest" and "natural" that are applied in the context of forest statistics overlook ecologically important components of natural forests, and thus provide quite misleading or inadequate data of existing diversity patterns in these ecosystems.

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Section: The Applied Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Applied Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural northern European boreal forests: unifying the concepts, terminologies, and their application

Rouvinen

Kouki²

2008

Silva Fenn.

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“…The decrease in the abundance and diversity of decaying wood has probably been the main negative consequence of forest management affecting species in Fennoscandia (Esseen, Ehnström, Ericson, & Sjöberg, 1997). Lately, several ways of restoring the natural forest structures have been studied and adapted in Fennoscandia (Lilja, 2006;Vanha-Majamaa & Jalonen, 2001). However, the multitude of ordinary managed forests and the growing interest for more effective wood removal (logging residues, stumps; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [MAF], 1999) makes the challenge for biodiversity conservation in Fennoscandia even more actual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate Effects of Logging, Mounding, and Removal of Logging Residues on Epixylic Species in Managed Boreal Norway Spruce Stands in Southern Finland

Rabinowitsch-Jokinen¹,

Laaka‐Lindberg

2012

Journal of Sustainable Forestry

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The immediate effects of bioenergy harvesting methods on epixylic species were studied in mature managed Norway spruce dominated forests in southern Finland. The treatments included logging, residue harvesting, and soil preparation as either mounding or mounding combined with stump harvesting. Altogether, 110 logs and 440 species sample plots on logs were inventoried before and after logging, and after soil preparation treatments. Logging decreased the cover and species richness in all epixylic species groups. The soil preparation decreased the cover of macrolichens, while stump harvesting was significantly most devastating both for cover and richness in bryophytes. We suggest that bioenergy harvesting critically affects the epixylic species, and therefore the use of less devastating methods and compensation for the loss of coarse woody debris is recommended on a landscape level.

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“…Owing to this, one of the national environmental goals is to increase the amount of CWD in managed forests (MAF 1999). Several ways of restoring the natural forest structures have been recently studied and adapted in Fennoscandia , Lilja 2006, Vanha-Majamaa et al 2007). However, the multitude of ordinary managed forests in Fennoscandia emphasize the impact of varying forest management options on CWD, which is of great importance in assessing the ecological sustainability of current forest management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate effects of logging, mounding and removal of logging residues and stumps on coarse woody debris in managed boreal Norway spruce stands

Rabinowitsch-Jokinen¹

2010

Silva Fenn.

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Wood fuel production has increased remarkably, but its environmental effects within the forest ecosystem have not yet been studied much. We investigated the immediate effects of two series of forest management treatments, which produce timber and forest chips, on the volume and decay classes of coarse woody debris (CWD). One of the treatment series included logging and residue harvesting (LRH) and mounding (M), while the other series included LRH and mounding combined with stump harvesting (MSH). We hypothesized that, i) LRH reduces CWD, excluding stumps; ii) the more intense the soil preparation treatment is, M vs. MSH, the more CWD is destroyed; iii) both LRH and soil preparation treatments (M and MSH) reduce the occurence of snags, highly decayed CWD and deciduous CWD in particular. Ten sample plots in mature managed Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) dominated forests were located in Southern Finland. The total volume of CWD on the sample plots was measured three times: before and after LRH, and after M or MSH. LRH significantly decreased the volume of snags and the combined volume of snags and logs. MSH significantly decreased the total volume of CWD, while M had no significant effect on the volume of CWD. The middle and highly decayed CWD were destroyed most easily in the treatments.

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Ecological restoration of forests in Fennoscandia: defining reference stand structures and immediate effects of restoration

Cited by 3 publications

References 103 publications

The natural northern European boreal forests: unifying the concepts, terminologies, and their application

The natural northern European boreal forests: unifying the concepts, terminologies, and their application

Immediate Effects of Logging, Mounding, and Removal of Logging Residues on Epixylic Species in Managed Boreal Norway Spruce Stands in Southern Finland

Immediate effects of logging, mounding and removal of logging residues and stumps on coarse woody debris in managed boreal Norway spruce stands

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