Ecological protection and well-being

Abstract

Based on Sen忆s function approach, this paper stated the connotation of the well鄄being, and defined that the freedom choice and capability of the human is the connotation of the human well鄄being on ecosystem services, while the poverty is the limited for capability and development of the human. Ecosystem degradation and destruction will seriously threat to human well鄄being, especially the well鄄being of the poor. Conservation of biodiversity can contribute to the protection of ecosystem services, which as the core of the ecosystem, and then improve the well鄄being of human. Focused on the well鄄being of the poor whom strongly dependent on ecosystem services and effective implemented ecological compensation, that can achieve a win鄄win between ecological protection and human well鄄being improvement.

Coupling Landscape Connectedness, Ecosystem Service Value, and Resident Welfare in Xining City, Western China

“…Research on human well-being in China focuses on the quantitative assessment of welfare from a sustainability science perspective [44,69]. Referring to the design of human well-being indicator systems both domestically and internationally [41,[70][71][72] and considering the regional characteristics, current ecological and environmental conditions, and economic and social development levels of Xining [73]. Given the multidimensionality and regional differences in residents' welfare, the primary indicators selected for the Xining residents' welfare assessment system are divided into three categories: basic needs, safety and health needs, and psychological needs.…”

Research on the Decision-Making Mechanism of Live Commerce Supply Chain Based on Three-Party Evolutionary Game

“…Therefore, it's necessary to clarify the income model [19,20], design a reward and punishment mechanism [21], and explore the mutual influence [22]. The supply chain includes manufacturers, social media influencers, and consumers, which involves multiparty decision-making, so game theory optimization is selected [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. At present, scholars have some research on the three-party game [30][31][32], but few scholars combine the three-party game with the situation of the income and expenditure of livestreaming ecommerce.…”

The impact of poverty alleviation relocation on the well-being of farmers in mountainous areas: A case study of the Longnan Mountainous Area

“…魏旭红 等：易地扶贫搬迁对山区农户福祉的影响 框架构建 [9][10][11] 、福祉水平评价 [12][13][14] 及其影响因素分析 [15,16] 等方面，形成了人类发展指数 [17] 、MA 福祉框架 [18] 、可行能力理论 [19] 、人类需求理论 [20] 等评估框架。易地扶贫搬迁作为一项改善贫困 地区农户生活条件的政策措施，也是增进农户福祉的主要推手 [21] 。研究发现，搬迁不仅能够 提高农户的总收入，还会对农业收入、工资性收入产生显著的正向影响，并且搬迁后随着收 入水平的提高，低收入家庭的膳食质量也逐渐得到改善 [22,23] 。同时，易地扶贫搬迁还会打破农 户原有的社会关系网络，使其社会融入遭受阻碍 [2,24] 。宁静等 [5] 还发现易地扶贫搬迁通过改善 农户的生产生活条件，使得农户能够积累足够的生计资本，进一步改善了农户的生计资本结 构。研究也发现，搬迁后住房、教育、医疗、交通等方面的改善能够提升搬迁户的生活满意 度，而在搬迁过程中农户对政策信息获取较少、其就业向非农化突变会拉低农户的生活满意 度 [4] 。另外，搬迁后较好的基础设施、公共服务、社会交往、经济状况和居住环境更有利于农 户幸福感的提升以及与迁入地情感纽带的建立 [25][26][27] 。 总体来看，在研究内容上，已有研究多从农户的收入或生活满意度等单一维度出发 分析易地扶贫搬迁对农户的影响。实际上，福祉包括主观福祉与客观福祉，前者侧重于 个体对自身生活水平的主观认知和情感表达 [28] ，后者则侧重于在考虑生活条件、经济水 平和社会关系等因素的情况下衡量个体或社会的福利水平 [29] ，单一维度的考察难以全面 综合反映易地扶贫搬迁对农户福祉的影响；在研究方法上，目前研究多采用倾向得分匹 配法、固定效应模型等方法 [3,5,22,23] ，通过对政策实施前后搬迁户与非搬迁户之间差异的比 较，以分析易地扶贫搬迁政策的效果，鲜有研究去探究易地扶贫搬迁对搬迁前后农户福 祉变化的影响；在研究区选择上，当前研究较少去关注整乡搬迁区农户的福祉变化。因 此，有必要将主观福祉与客观福祉结合起来分析易地扶贫搬迁对整乡搬迁区农户福祉变 化的影响，以便更好地了解易地扶贫搬迁政策的综合效果。 山区是能源、矿产资源的富集区，也是高度依赖自然资源谋生的人群集中区，全球 约有 12% 的人口居住在山区，其中超过 40% 的人口分布在发展中国家 [30] 。中国是一个山 地大国，山区面积约占国土面积的 2/3，人口约占全国的 56% [30] ，受自然地理属性的限 制，山区经济社会发展水平普遍较低 [31] 。地处西秦岭的陇南山区不仅是典型的自然灾害 易发多发区，也是甘肃乃至全国脱贫攻坚的主战场之一，还是全国易地扶贫搬迁典型区 域 [32] 。鉴于此，本文基于陇南山区坪垭藏族乡易地扶贫搬迁农户的调查数据，在构建农 户福祉评价指标体系、利用熵值法评估搬迁前后农户福祉变化的基础上，采用分位数回 归分析易地扶贫搬迁对农户综合福祉变化的影响，旨在为推进易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持工 作提供科学参考。 1 理论框架 易地扶贫搬迁旨在从根本上消除"一方水土养不起一方人"的本底脆弱性问题 [32] ， 并且主要通过就业支持、资金支持、物质支持三种支持性政策干预来改善搬迁家庭的客 观福祉及主观福祉 [33] (图 1) 。其中，就业支持是对"人力"的支持，是实现易地扶贫搬 迁"稳得住"的关键因素。人力资本理论指出，人力资本的匮乏是导致相对贫困地区农 户收入提升缓慢的重要因素之一 [34]…”