Ecological Processes at Marine Fronts

Marcelo, Eduardo; Piola, Alberto R.; Iribarne, Oscar; Mianzán, Hermes

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15479-4

Cited by 70 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Phytoplankton, particularly during a spring bloom, can be concentrated and experience enhanced levels of both light and nutrients for growth at two common physical oceanographic features: pycnoclines and frontal zones (Acha, Piola, Iribarne, & Mianzan, ). Planktotrophic larvae, as well as phytoplankton communities, tend to aggregate in areas within or directly adjacent to these physical oceanographic features (Dekshenieks et al., ; Metaxas et al, ).…”

Section: Larval Oceanography and The Plankton Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A microbial perspective on the life‐history evolution of marine invertebrate larvae: If, where and when to feed

2018

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The feeding environment for planktotrophic larvae has a major impact on development and progression towards competency for metamorphosis. High phytoplankton environments that promote growth and development also correlate with a greater abundance of environmental microbes and incidence of pathogenic microbes, making these habitats potentially risky for larvae. Trade‐offs between metabolic processes for growth and immune functionality have been described throughout the animal kingdom and may influence the life‐history evolution of marine invertebrate planktotrophic larvae. Specifically, larvae would be predicted to regulate time spent between these feeding environments to avoid potential incidences of microbial‐mediated mortality and/or dysbiosis. Using transcriptomic and microbiome data, we provide evidence for this trade‐off in larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. When cultured in a well‐fed environment, larvae upregulate genes associated with metabolism while decreasing the expression of genes associated with immune function. At the same time, the associated bacterial community shifts towards a state of dysbiosis that is followed by mortality. To test whether the environmental microbiota is a selective force on if, where and when planktotrophic larvae should feed, we conclude by presenting a strategy for determining the specific interactions of larvae and microbes at a scale representative of their pelagic environment.

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Section: Larval Oceanography and The Plankton Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A microbial perspective on the life‐history evolution of marine invertebrate larvae: If, where and when to feed

2018

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“…Several cases indicated that fronts exert mixing effects on the adjacent populations (Acha et al, ). In this study, the cross‐distribution between adjacent microfossil assemblages occurred at the frontal positions, particularly between YRPA and ECSSA (Figure b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the physical actions from frontal convergence and along‐front advection enable accumulation of nutrients and phytoplankton and, consequently, lead to high productivity at the front (e.g., Barton, Dutkiewicz, Flierl, Bragg, & Follows, ; Belkin et al, ; Frontier, ; Olson et al, ; Venables, Meredith, Atkinson, & Ward, ; Woodson & Litvin, ). Secondly, there are sharp physical and chemical differences at the front (e.g., cross‐frontal differences in temperature and salinity can be as large as 10–15°C and 2–3 psu, respectively; Acha, Piola, Iribarne, & Mianzan, ). These factors can cause the reorganization of phytoplankton assemblages from each side of the front and generate a distinct phytoplankton assemblage at the front.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, there are sharp physical and chemical differences at the front (e.g., cross-frontal differences in temperature and salinity can be as large as 10-15°C and 2-3 psu, respectively; Acha, Piola, Iribarne, & Mianzan, 2015). These factors can cause the reorganization of phytoplankton assemblages from each side of the front and generate a distinct phytoplankton assemblage at the front.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean fronts construct spatial zonation in microfossil assemblages

Liu

Wang

et al. 2018

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim Integration of macroecology and palaeoecology is an important trend in understanding rapidly changing marine ecosystems. However, the spatial mismatch between these two data types has led to difficulties in interpretation, particularly for short‐lived phytoplankton and their microfossils. Fronts are narrow transition zones between distinct water masses and play an essential role in partitioning phytoplankton assemblages in the ocean. Whether they also delimit microfossil assemblages deposited at the sea floor is unclear. We examined the correlation between quasi‐stationary mesoscale fronts and the spatial distribution of microfossils (diatoms, dinoflagellates and silicoflagellates) in the Bohai, Yellow and East China Seas, to establish a causal link between microfossil assemblages and the factors controlling pelagic species assemblages on continental shelves. Location China. Time period 2003–2015. Major taxa studied Phytoplankton. Methods Front locations were determined using gradient analysis of monthly satellite sea surface temperature (SST) for 2003–2015. Microfossil assemblages were classified using two‐way indicator species analysis of the relative abundance of 345 species collected from surface sediments at 126 sites. The relationships between frontal patterns and microfossil assemblages were evaluated by superimposing maps of front location, microfossil distribution and environmental features in the main water masses and by canonical correspondence analysis. Results Ten major fronts and four primary microfossil assemblages were identified. Analyses of the spatial patterns of fronts, microfossil assemblages, SST, salinity and nutrients revealed that the fronts partitioned the microfossils into assemblage types corresponding to the physicochemical features of the water masses. Main conclusions Microfossil species assemblages and their indicator species are separated by mesoscale fronts and are correlated with water properties. Producing base maps of microfossil assemblages in relationship to SST fronts enables examination of the importance of quasi‐stationary mesoscale fronts in constructing microfossil patterns on continental shelves. The results displayed potential for the interpretation sediment core data and their integration with the macroecological context.

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“…Marine fronts are relevant areas for fisheries as the high primary production associated with them affects not only pelagic but benthic organisms (Acha et al, 2015). They are regions of high productivity influencing the abundance and distribution of fish in the fishing grounds (Agenbag et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and intensity of bottom trawl fisheries in the Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem and its relationship with marine fronts

Alemany

Marcelo

Iribarne

2016

Fisheries Oceanography

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Trawling is a major concern worldwide and there is considerable debate about its impact on marine ecosystems. The Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (PSLME) is an important fishing area in the Southwest Atlantic where bottom trawling is the dominant fishing method. We investigated the distribution of bottom trawl fishing within this region, defining the areas of highest trawling intensity (hotspots) and evaluating their relationship with marine fronts. We focused on the three main oceanographic fronts, the shelf‐break front, the southern Patagonia front and the mid‐shelf front. To estimate fishing effort and trawled areas, we used VMS data from 2006 to 2012. Despite being almost a fully trawlable shelf, we found that the spatial distribution of trawling activity is patchy and trawling hotspots were small, comprising annually <5% of the shelf extension or <7% of the total trawlable area. Contrary to what is believed worldwide, our findings suggest that over the PSLME the magnitude of habitat effects as a result of bottom trawling is relatively small. Regarding the three frontal systems studied, only the shelf‐break front showed a positive relationship with trawl fishing activity. Although trawling hotspots did not overlap with marine fronts, the shelf‐break front receives more trawling effort than expected. We hypothesize that this pattern is due to aggregation of species near or at the front taking advantage of the opportunities provided by this area.

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Ecological Processes at Marine Fronts

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

A microbial perspective on the life‐history evolution of marine invertebrate larvae: If, where and when to feed

A microbial perspective on the life‐history evolution of marine invertebrate larvae: If, where and when to feed

Ocean fronts construct spatial zonation in microfossil assemblages

Distribution and intensity of bottom trawl fisheries in the Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem and its relationship with marine fronts

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