Ecological Potential of Building Components in Multi-Storey Residential Construction: A Comparative Case Study between an Existing Concrete and a Timber Building in Austria

Abstract

With the introduction of energy-efficient buildings, the importance of embodied energy in new buildings has become increasingly relevant to minimising the impact of climate change. This study compares two existing four-storey residential buildings: one building has a reinforced concrete (RC) structure and the other has a timber structure. The study’s aim is to find out which building components are responsible for the largest embodied impacts and whether there are differences between the two construction methods. The specificity of the wooden building is the combined use of solid and lightweight timber elements. The methodology consists of a general life cycle assessment (LCA) and a more detailed analysis of the product stage using the eco2soft software. The heating and cooling energy demand was calculated using the WUFI Plus software with recent regional climate data sets. The results show that for both types of construction in multi-storey buildings, it is not only the superstructure that needs to be considered, but also the floor structures, which have a major influence on the embodied impact. The timber building requires less energy to maintain the indoor climate within the set temperatures. As climate change has progressed rapidly in Austria in recent years, it is recommended that the standards for climate models be updated more quickly to allow realistic prediction of thermal comfort at the design stage.

Hygrothermal Performance of Bio-Based Exterior Wall Constructions and Their Resilience under Air Leakage and Moisture Load

“…For multi-storey buildings, the combination of external timber frame walls and internal massive timber walls is a particularly ecological construction method [9]. Timber framing, particularly for external walls, offers the opportunity to achieve high insulation thicknesses and thus reduce the operational environmental impact through reduced heating requirements during the cold seasons.…”

Life Cycle Assessment of the Construction Process in a Mass Timber Structure

“…Another study by Becker et al [19] focused only on the EC in the material production stage. Fischer et al [20] compared a concrete building to a mass timber building through a wholebuilding life cycle assessment (LCA) study and deliberately excluded the construction phase. Wu et al [14] interviewed 30 contractors, and only 2 of them (6.67%) considered the environmental benefits related to the job site's layout.…”