Ecological Outcome of Allopolyploidy in Adiantum (Pteridaceae): Niche Intermediacy and Expansion Into Novel Habitats

Southgate, Morgan W.; Patel, Nikisha; Barrington, David S.

doi:10.3119/18-09

“…The composite sample comprised spores of taxa in the two study sets (the A. pedatum complex and western North American Polystichum —all spores were collected from the specimens cited in Appendix ; details of sample size and statistical data are provided in Appendices and ). For each group, the spore size data are part of an evolutionary study for which flow cytometry data, as well as additional data sets, were combined in previous work from our research group (Schmeckpeper, ; Southgate et al., ). In the present study, spore measurements generated during each previous study were augmented with the addition of spores from other accessions, and the combined measurements were analyzed to provide novel estimates of spore size and shape.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, ratio data to quantify spore shape are scant. In a few cases, spore size data, typically measurements of the longest dimension, have been presented along with genome size data (Ekrt and Stech, ; Dyer et al., ; Chang et al., ; Ekrt and Koutecký, ; Patel et al., ; Southgate et al., ). These contributions suggest that spore size, whether represented by volume or its component measurements, has real potential to serve as a proxy for genome size, warranting further investigation to refine quantitative measurements of spores.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our case study of Adiantum L. provides the opportunity to compare spore size between two closely related diploid species with remarkably different distributions and ecological niches. Whereas A. pedatum is widely distributed in rich woods, a common habitat in northeastern North America, A. aleuticum is restricted to serpentine outcrops and serpentine forests, exceedingly rare habitats in the region (Paris, ; Southgate et al., ). Citing the hypotheses for forest patches on oceanic islands (Carlquist, ), Barrington et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inferring the impacts of evolutionary history and ecological constraints on spore size and shape in the ferns

Barrington

¹

,

Patel

²

,

Southgate

³

2020

Self Cite

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Citation: Barrington, D. S., N. R. Patel, and M. W. Southgate. 2020. Inferring the impacts of evolutionary history and ecological constraints on spore size and shape in the ferns. Applications in Plant Sciences 8(4): e11339. PREMISE:In the ferns, cell size has been explored with spores, which are largely uniform within species, produced in abundance, and durable. However, spore size and shape have been variously defined, and the relationship of these traits to genome size has not been well established. Here, we explore the variation in fern spore size and shape by ploidy level and genome size. METHODS:Measurements of spore dimensions for two study sets of ferns, Polystichum and Adiantum, both including diploid and tetraploid taxa, provided the basis for computing estimates of shape and size as defined here. These traits were compared between and within ploidy levels and regressed with genome size estimates from flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS:All size traits were strongly correlated with genome size; the shape trait was weakly correlated. Tetraploids were larger than diploids as expected; the spores of some closely related diploid species were also significantly different in size. DISCUSSION:Researchers with access to a student-grade compound microscope can develop a valid estimate of relative genome size for ferns. These estimates provide enough resolution to infer ploidy level and explore the relationship between genome size, habitat, and physiological constraints for species within ploidy level. KEY WORDS ferns; genome size; ploidy level; spore shape; spore size; spore volume; spores. Applications in Plant Sciences 2020 8(4): e11339 Barrington et al.-Fern spores and genome size • 2 of 10

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“…Such cryptic species have often been historically described as one larger species, or species complex, due to morphological similarities (Paris et al 1989). However, advances in molecular methods have revealed that cryptic species can be monophyletic with disparate ecological niches and functions (Amato et al 2007;Hebert et al 2004;Sattler et al 2007;Southgate et al 2019); in contrast, cryptic species complexes can be paraphyletic and separated by considerable evolutionary time, yet look similar and occupy comparable niches (Amor et al 2014;Cunnington et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to seed plants, ferns have a very high prevalence of polyploidy and reticulate evolution (Barrington et al 1989;Paris et al 1989;Otto and Whitton 2000;Otto and Whitton 2000). Such genomic changes can contribute to cryptic variation by altering niche requirements or offspring viability (Otto 2007;Southgate et al 2019;Masuyama et al 2002), yet be essentially phenotypically invisible ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic diversity in the model fern genusCeratopteris(Pteridaceae)

Kinosian

¹

,

Pearse

²

,

Wolf

³

2020

Preprint

0

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Cryptic species are present throughout the tree of life. They are especially prevalent in ferns, because of processes such hybridization, polyploidy, and reticulate evolution. In addition, the morphological simple body plan of ferns limits phenotypic variation and makes it difficult to detect crypic species in ferns without molecular work. The model fern genus Ceratopteris has long been suspected to harbor cryptic diversity, specifically in the highly polymorphic C. thalictroides. Yet no studies have included samples from throughout the pan-tropical range of Ceratopteris or utilized genomic sequencing, making it difficult to assess the full extent of cryptic variation within this genus. Here, we present the first multilocus phylogeny of the genus using reduced representation genomic sequencing (RADseq) and examine population structure, phylogenetic relationships, and ploidy level variation. We recover similar species relationships found in previous studies, find support for a named cryptic species as genetically distinct, and identify a novel putative species from within C. thalictroides sensu latu in Central and South America.

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Cryptic diversity in the model fern genus Ceratopteris (Pteridaceae)

Kinosian

¹

,

Pearse

²

,

Wolf

³

2020

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cryptic species are present throughout the tree of life. They are especially prevalent in ferns, because of processes such hybridization, polyploidy, and reticulate evolution. In addition, the morphological simple body plan of ferns limits phenotypic variation and makes it difficult to detect crypic species in ferns without molecular work. The model fern genus Ceratopteris has long been suspected to harbor cryptic diversity, specifically in the highly polymorphic C. thalictroides. Yet no studies have included samples from throughout the pan-tropical range of Ceratopteris or utilized genomic sequencing, making it difficult to assess the full extent of cryptic variation within this genus. Here, we present the first multilocus phylogeny of the genus using reduced representation genomic sequencing (RADseq) and examine population structure, phylogenetic relationships, and ploidy level variation. We recover similar species relationships found in previous studies, find support for a named cryptic species as genetically distinct, and identify a novel putative species from within C. thalictroides sensu latu in Central and South America.

show abstract

Ecological Outcome of Allopolyploidy in Adiantum (Pteridaceae): Niche Intermediacy and Expansion Into Novel Habitats

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Inferring the impacts of evolutionary history and ecological constraints on spore size and shape in the ferns

Inferring the impacts of evolutionary history and ecological constraints on spore size and shape in the ferns

Cryptic diversity in the model fern genusCeratopteris(Pteridaceae)

Cryptic diversity in the model fern genus Ceratopteris (Pteridaceae)

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