Ecological interpretation of weed flora dynamics under different tillage systems

Zanin, Giuseppe; Otto, Stefan; Riello, Lara; Borin, Maurizio

doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(97)00081-9

Cited by 121 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…On the one hand, alfalfas favoured several perennial species, which has been observed previously (Andersson and Milberg, 1996;Teasdale et al, 2004;Albrecht, 2005;Hiltbrunner et al, 2008). Slower-growing biennial or perennial species probably profited from the absence of soil tillage, which may also be the case in no-till cropping systems or in secondary succession (e.g., Zanin et al, 1997;Murphy et al, 2006). Moreover, perennial species are probably more tolerant to competition and to the repeated cuttings than most annual species.…”

Section: Differences Between Annual and Perennial Cropssupporting

confidence: 56%

Contrasting weed species composition in perennial alfalfas and six annual crops: implications for integrated weed management

Meiss

Médiène

Waldhardt

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-Weed communities are most strongly affected by the characteristics and management of the current crop. Crop rotation may thus be used to prevent the repeated selection of particular weed species. While weed communities are frequently compared among annual crops, little is known about the differences between annual and perennial crops that may be included in the rotations. Moreover, nearly all existing studies (17 articles reviewed) are based on local field experiments rather than commercial fields. We compared the weed composition in perennial alfalfas (Medicago sativa) and six annual crops: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), oilseed rape (Brassica napus), pea (Pisum sativum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) using data from 632 commercial fields in western France. Weed species composition showed the strongest dissimilarities between perennial alfalfas and all annual crops, followed by the well-known differences between autumn-and spring/summer-sown annual crops. Indicator Species Analysis showed that most weed species either preferred perennial alfalfas (including Taraxacum officinale, Veronica persica, Crepis spp., Poa trivialis, Silene latifolia, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Picris spp.) or annual crops (including Mercurialis annua, Galium aparine, Fallopia convolvulus, Chenopodium album and Cirsium arvense). Perennial alfalfas thus suppressed many weeds that are widespread (and sometimes problematic) in annual crops while favouring other species. Shifted weed composition and reduced frequency of several noxious weeds suggest that perennial alfalfas may be used as a valuable part of integrated weed management, reducing the need for herbicides and sustaining plant and animal diversity in agricultural landscapes. crop diversification / temporary grassland / perennial forage crop / alfalfa / Medicago sativa / plant community composition

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Section: Differences Between Annual and Perennial Cropssupporting

confidence: 56%

Contrasting weed species composition in perennial alfalfas and six annual crops: implications for integrated weed management

Meiss

Médiène

Waldhardt

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…As principais causas podem ser a quebra de dormência das sementes e a maior disseminação e infestação de espécies de propagação vegetativa em sistema convencional de cultivo (Jakelaitis et al, 2003b) A elevada similaridade pode ser devida à proximidade entre as áreas avaliadas com diferentes sistemas de cultivo, haja vista que menores semelhanças de infestação são encontradas quando se trata de áreas distintas (Macedo et al, 2003). No entanto, é provável que, a longo prazo, ocorra redução do IS entre os dois sistemas, pois eles tendem a alterar a dinâmica de infestação e a composição botânica da comunidade natural de plantas não cultivadas, de acordo com a intensidade, regularidade e o tempo de utilização do sistema, e, ainda, conforme os tipos de tratos culturais e de manejo do solo (Zanin et al, 1997;Silva et al, 2005 …”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Ocorrência de plantas daninhas no sistema lavoura-pecuária em função de sistemas de cultivo e corretivo de acidez

et al. 2012

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Occurrence of weeds in the crop-livestock system as a function of cropping systems and acidity correctionStudies on the interaction among weeds, crops and planting systems can provide new systems of pasture introduction, recovering, and renovation. This research aimed to study weed phytosociology in pasture implanted in the fallow cropping. Considering the need of liming application, the treatments followed the combination of two planting systems (no-tillage and plowing followed by harrowing) and four soil pH adjustment levels (0, 1/3, 1/2 and 1 time of the recommendation). It was observed that Sida species showed higher importance value indexes in all treatments. Sida urens and Sida rhombifolia were the most representative. Importance value indexes of plants from the Genus Sida were increased with corrective rates, showing maximum values with half of recommended lime rate, with posterior decrease. Besides grasses and forage legumes which can benefit the system, other species toxic to animals occurred. Perennial grasses showed higher importance value index under conventional planting than in no-tillage system, Ocorrência de plantas daninhas no sistema lavoura-pecuária em função de sistemas de cultivo e corretivo de acidezOs estudos das interações entre plantas daninhas, culturas e sistemas de plantio podem proporcionar o entendimento de novas formas de implantação, recuperação e renovação das pastagens. Assim, objetivou-se estudar a fitossociologia de plantas daninhas em implantação de pastagem por meio da integração lavoura-pecuária, em cultivo safrinha. Admitindose a necessidade de aplicação de corretivo, os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de dois sistema de plantio (semeadura direta e aração seguida pela gradagem) e quatro doses de corretivo da acidez (0, 1/3, 1/2 e 1 vezes a recomendação). Observou-se que plantas do gênero Sida apresentam maiores índices de valor de importância em todos os tratamentos. As espécies Sida urens e Sida rhombifolia foram as mais representativas. Os índices de valor de importância do gênero Sida foram crescentes com as doses do corretivo, apresentando valores máximos com metade da dose recomendada de calcário, com posterior decréscimo. Ocorreram, também, espécies tóxicas aos animais de pastejo, além de gramíneas e leguminosas forrageiras, que podem ser benéficas ao sistema. As espécies de gramíneas perenes apresentaram maiores valores de importância em plantio convencional do que em plantio direto, possibilitando o uso de herbicidas específicos para o primeiro sistema. Comparando o plantio direto com o plantio convencional, o índice de similaridade foi igual a 81,1%, o que é considerado alto. Em geral, o plantio convencional apresentou ainda maior densidade de plantas daninhas que o plantio direto. Palavras-chave:Brachiaria brizantha, correção da acidez, levantamento fitossociológico, plantio direto, safrinha, Zea mays. 647Ocorrência de plantas daninhas no sistema lavoura-pecuária em função de sistemas...Rev. Ceres, Viçosa, v. 59, n.5, p. 646-653, set/out, 2012 INTRO...

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“…In addressing weed control challenges, scientific studies have provided evidence that minimum and no-tillage induce shifts of weed population particularly towards perennial weeds, thus creating a long-lasting weed problem [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Moreover, annual weeds such as Kochia (Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers

Sims¹,

Corsi²,

Gbèhounou³

et al. 2018

Agriculture

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Land degradation and soil fertility deterioration are two of the main causes of agricultural production stagnation and decline in many parts of the world. The model of crop production based on mechanical soil tillage and exposed soils is typically accompanied by negative effects on the natural resource base of the farming environment, which can be so serious that they jeopardize agricultural productive potential in the future. This form of agriculture is destructive to soil health and accelerates the loss of soil by increasing its mineralization and erosion rates. Conservation agriculture, a system avoiding or minimizing soil mechanical disturbance (no-tillage) combined with soil cover and crop diversification, is considered a sustainable agro-ecological approach to resource-conserving agricultural production. A major objective of tillage is supposed to be weed control, and it does not require very specific knowledge because soil inversion controls (at least temporarily) most weeds mechanically (i.e., by way of burying them). However, repeated ploughing only changes the weed population, but does not control weeds in the long term. The same applies to the mechanical uprooting of weeds. While in the short term some tillage operations can control weeds on farms, tillage systems can increase and propagate weeds off-farm. The absence of tillage, under conservation agriculture, requires other measures of weed control. One of the ways in which this is realized is through herbicide application. However, environmental concerns, herbicide resistance and access to appropriate agro-chemicals on the part of resource-poor farmers, highlight the need for alternative weed control strategies that are effective and accessible for smallholders adopting conservation agriculture. Farmers in semi-arid regions contend with the additional challenge of low biomass production and, often, competition with livestock enterprises, which limit the potential weed-suppressing benefits of mulch and living cover crops. This paper reviews the applicability and efficacy of various mechanical, biological and integrated weed management strategies for the effective and sustainable management of weeds in smallholder conservation agriculture systems, including the role of appropriate equipment and prerequisites for smallholders within a sustainable intensification scenario.Keywords: smallholder farming; conservation agriculture; sustainable and ecological weed management; preventive; cultural and direct control methods of weed management

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Ecological interpretation of weed flora dynamics under different tillage systems

Cited by 121 publications

References 7 publications

Contrasting weed species composition in perennial alfalfas and six annual crops: implications for integrated weed management

Contrasting weed species composition in perennial alfalfas and six annual crops: implications for integrated weed management

Ocorrência de plantas daninhas no sistema lavoura-pecuária em função de sistemas de cultivo e corretivo de acidez

Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers

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