Ecological Interface Design: Thirty-Plus Years of Refinement, Progress, and Potential

Bennett, Kevin B.; Flach, John M.

doi:10.1177/0018720819835990

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…EID advises the information visualization to be representative of such a realm. The second is to account for the human user's capabilities and limitations in the information visualization so that the effective use of information visualization does surpass the user's cognitive abilities (Bennett and Flach 2019). Using the affordances of a spherical coordinate system, our design presents the 2D location and movement of objects (assets, adversaries, and civilians) that are situated on each of air and ground on the same geographical area and reveals the accuracy of the object locations in the populated views.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Display Design for Spatial Assessment in Virtual Environments

Memarian¹,

Koulas²,

Fisher³

2021

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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In this work in progress paper, we share novel conceptual display design ideas (pending validation and testing) to aid users with their spatial assessment in either two or three-dimensional spaces such as Virtual Reality (VR) environments. The example scenario used is to help a remote human team player (2nd user) to work with an asset Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and human team player (1st user) in the field. The scenario’s goal is to deliver relief packages (i.e., medical, clothing, and food supplies) at a fixed location in an urban and hostile terrain containing adversary UAV and their human team players. Inspired by the Lens theory and Ecological Interface Design principles, the proposed display design ideas allow the user to retain past and present asset and adversary location information whilst knowing when the adversary was too close to assets and civilians and the precision of display views based on the number of sensors available.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Display Design for Spatial Assessment in Virtual Environments

Memarian¹,

Koulas²,

Fisher³

2021

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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“…This result opens new questions for research concerning the mechanisms of action and the relationship between MC, adjacency, and perceived confidence in the results of AI decision making, which may impact how these systems are created and utilized by end-users. Speaking in terms of decision-making dynamics, another complementary perspective from which to view these results may be through the combination of the model situation awareness (SA) proposed by Endsley (1995) ecological interface design (Bennett and Flach, 2019) and "fast and slow thinking" (Kahneman, 2011). When combined, these three approaches provide a dynamic model that blends design, perception and mechanisms that may explain the effects of MC and adjacency with regard to AI decision visualizations upon the user.…”

Section: The Mediating Effect Of Cognitive Load On User Confidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Designing for Confidence: The Impact of Visualizing Artificial Intelligence Decisions

et al. 2022

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Explainable artificial intelligence aims to bring transparency to artificial intelligence (AI) systems by translating, simplifying, and visualizing its decisions. While society remains skeptical about AI systems, studies show that transparent and explainable AI systems can help improve the Human-AI trust relationship. This manuscript presents two studies that assess three AI decision visualization attribution models that manipulate morphological clarity (MC) and two information presentation-order methods to determine each visualization’s impact on the Human-AI trust relationship through increased confidence and cognitive fit (CF). The first study, N = 206 (Avg. age = 37.87 ± 10.51, Male = 123), utilized information presentation methods and visualizations delivered through an online experiment to explore trust in AI by asking participants to complete a visual decision-making task. The second study, N = 19 (24.9 ± 8.3 years old, Male = 10), utilized eye-tracking technology and the same stimuli presentation methods to investigate if cognitive load, inferred through pupillometry measures, mediated the confidence-trust relationship. The results indicate that low MC positively impacts Human-AI trust and that the presentation order of information within an interface in terms of adjacency further influences user trust in AI. We conclude that while adjacency and MC significantly affect cognitive load, cognitive load alone does not mediate the confidence-trust relationship. Our findings interpreted through a combination of CF, situation awareness, and ecological interface design have implications for the design of future AI systems, which may facilitate better collaboration between humans and AI-based decision agents.

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“…The Risø approach and its various derivatives coalesced over the decades to form the current developments of EID. While this growth of EID has moved beyond the original Risø approach and the nuclear sector (e.g., Bennett & Flach, 2019;Borst et al, 2015;Mulder et al, 2019;Vicente, 2002), the "design" dimension of the Risø approach has also receded significantly into the background. In the rest of the section, the development of the Risø approach is identified along with the underlying design basis.…”

Section: The "Design" Dimension Of the Risø Approach And Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending the Ecological Interface Design process—Integrated EID

Kant

Sudakaran

2021

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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This article aims to extend the traditional Ecological Interface Design (EID) process.With the rapid pace of digitalization in technological systems, there is a need for a design process that can handle the systemic design goals and the experiential basis of interaction. Currently, the traditional EID is well-positioned to address these challenges. However, methodologically, it needs to be substantiated to make it accessible for designers, designing for novel arenas, such as Industry 4.0. Further, substantiating the design process will help designers, engineers, and human factors researchers with an accessible pathway that links the design brief to the final interface form. Therefore, this article delves into the "design" basis in the work of the Risø group and other prominent EID researchers and practitioners. In addition, it draws from a variety of themes in the discipline of design that addresses methodology. In particular, key insights are drawn from the design methods movement (1960s-); design, communication, and complexity from the Ulm school of design, 1953-1968; cognitive research conducted on designers and design activities; and finally, interaction design and communication design processes and models. All of these insights have been used syncretically to create the new integrated EID (iEID) process. This new design process consists of nine stages divided into three phases of divergence, transformation, and convergence, converting the initial design brief to the final interface. The steps of iEID are demonstrated using the example of interface design for a "digital twin" in the manufacturing sector.

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Ecological Interface Design: Thirty-Plus Years of Refinement, Progress, and Potential

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Novel Display Design for Spatial Assessment in Virtual Environments

Novel Display Design for Spatial Assessment in Virtual Environments

Designing for Confidence: The Impact of Visualizing Artificial Intelligence Decisions

Extending the Ecological Interface Design process—Integrated EID

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