Ecological Interface Design

Hajdukiewicz, John R.; Burns, Catherine M.

doi:10.1201/9781315272665

Cited by 315 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…The high-level requirements of a tool used by the operators during their team reflection are: (1) the interface should be ecologically designed (Burns and Hajdukiewicz 2004) combining all boundaries; (2) the data must be of a realtime nature; (3) the interface includes simple analysis functions to relate system boundary values to specific identifiable components. These requirements give an answer on the first question posed in the introduction on the needs of the operators to make knowledge explicit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This knowledge is partly available at the sharp end of the system, for instance with control operators, who are a component of the STS interacting with the system environment. However, this knowledge is frequently implicit due to the fact that goal-relevant constraints, required to deal with unforeseen disturbances, are not visible for operators, thus hampering efficient knowledge-based behaviour (Burns and Hajdukiewicz 2004;Rasmussen 1983Rasmussen , 1985Vicente and Rasmussen 1992). The question arises which method should be used to make the available knowledge explicit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Team reflection makes resilience-related knowledge explicit through collaborative sensemaking: observation study at a rail post

Siegel

Schraagen

2017

Cogn Tech Work

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Resilience is defined as the ability to adaptively deal with system boundaries in the face of the unexpected and unforeseen (Branlat and Woods in AAAI Fall Sympoisum, 2010. http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/FSS/ FSS10/paper/viewPaper/2238). We hypothesize that drawing upon resilience-related knowledge is a prerequisite for such adaptivity. This paper proposes team reflection (Ellis et al. in Curr Dir Psychol Sci 23(1):67-72, 2014) as a macrocognitive function to make the resilience-related knowledge explicit. This knowledge is implicitly available with individual team members active at the sharp end but is never explicitly shared due to invisibility of goal-relevant constraints. To overcome this invisibility, we suggest an application that makes changes in the current rail sociotechnical system visible in terms of the three system boundaries, a variation of the originally proposed by Rasmussen (Saf Sci 27(2/3):183-213, 1997): safety, performance and workload. This allows a team of rail signallers to analyse movements towards system boundaries and share knowledge on these movements. An observational study at a rail control post was conducted to assess the value of team reflection in making resilience-related knowledge explicit. For this purpose, we developed a first prototype of the application concerning the performance boundary only. Using naturalistic observations of a team during a week, we observed how they reflected at the end of their shift on salient system changes. A global content analysis was used to show the relevance of the content to resilience and to test the increase in the resilience-related knowledge throughout the observation period. A specific case of a human approaching the rail tracks, as a potential suicide, was analysed in detail. The results show the value of team reflection on system movements towards their boundaries, thus making goal-relevant constrained knowledge explicit within the operational rail environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Team reflection makes resilience-related knowledge explicit through collaborative sensemaking: observation study at a rail post

Siegel

Schraagen

2017

Cogn Tech Work

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“…star display). Ecological Interface Design strives to choose the correct abstraction for key functional relationships (Burns & Hajdukiewicz, 2004) Information Quantity & Timing Content How much information to present, when to present it…”

Section: Abstraction Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Performance Risks and Benefits of Adaptive Systems on the Flight Deck

Dorneich

Rogers

Whitlow

et al. 2016

The International Journal of Aviation Psychology

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Objective. Human performance risks and benefits of adaptive systems were identified through a systematic analysis and pilot evaluation of adaptive system component types and characteristics. Background. As flight-deck automation is able to process ever more types of information in sophisticated ways to identify situations, it is becoming more realistic for adaptive systems to adapt behavior based on their own authority. Method. A framework was developed to describe the types and characteristics of adaptive system components and was used to perform a risk/benefit analysis to identify potential issues. Subsequently, eight representative adaptive system storyboards were developed for an evaluation with pilots to augment the analysis results and to explore more detailed issues and potential risk mitigations. Results. Analysis identified the principal drivers of adaptive "triggering conditions" risk as complexity and transparency. It also identified the drivers of adaptations risks/benefits as the task level and the level of control vs. information adaptation. Conclusions. Pilots did not seem to distinguish between adaptive automation and normal automation if the rules were simple and obvious; however, their perception of risk increased when the level of complexity and opacity of triggering conditions reached a point where its behavior was perceived as non-deterministic.

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“…Future research could test this with a larger sample of care homes. Validation of the AH using scenario analysis could increase validity Burns and Hajdukiewicz 2004).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work Domain Analysis for understanding medication safety in care homes in England: an exploratory study

2015

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A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 Work Domain Analysis for understanding medication safety in care homes in England: an exploratory study. AbstractMedication safety and errors are a major concern in care homes. In addition to the identification of incidents, there is a need for a comprehensive system description to avoid the danger of introducing interventions that have unintended consequences and are therefore unsustainable. The aim of the study was to explore the impact and uniqueness of Work Domain Analysis (WDA) to facilitate an in-depth understanding of medication safety problems within the care home system and identify the potential benefits of WDA to design safety interventions to improve medication safety. A comprehensive, systematic and contextual overview of the care home medication system was developed for the first time. The novel use of the Abstraction Hierarchy (AH) to analyse medication errors revealed the value of the AH to guide a comprehensive analysis of errors and generate system improvement recommendations that took into account the contextual information of the wider system. Keywords: care homes, nursing homes, human factors, medication safety, patient safety, work domain analysis Practitioner summaryIt is widely acknowledged that a systems approach is necessary to improve medication safety. This study used a cognitive engineering method, Work Domain Analysis, to map the care home medication system and analyse medication errors. A macro-level view of the system was developed and this has provided a knowledge base for future interventions.

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Ecological Interface Design

Cited by 315 publications

References 0 publications

Team reflection makes resilience-related knowledge explicit through collaborative sensemaking: observation study at a rail post

Team reflection makes resilience-related knowledge explicit through collaborative sensemaking: observation study at a rail post

Human Performance Risks and Benefits of Adaptive Systems on the Flight Deck

Work Domain Analysis for understanding medication safety in care homes in England: an exploratory study

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