Ecological importance of the Myrtaceae in New Zealand's natural forests

Abstract

Aims The Myrtaceae is a woody family that plays an important role in forest ecosystems globally. The recent spread of myrtle rust, caused by a fungal pathogen (Austropuccinia psidii), from its native South America into New Zealand (NZ), highlights the need to quantify the ecological importance of Myrtaceae in NZ woody ecosystems. Location New Zealand. Methods Using NZ nationwide forest and shrubland inventory data, collected from 2009 to 2014, we quantified the ecological importance of Myrtaceae based on its richness and abundance relative to co‐occurring woody families. We then explored how climate and forest stand structure affect Myrtaceae importance in general and by tribe and growth form. Finally, we compared functional traits associated with plant growth and reproductive strategies with other dominant woody families and determined Myrtaceae's contributions to community‐weighted mean (CWM) trait values. Results Myrtaceae occurred in 74% of the study plots and its importance value was the second highest across the woody families. It was the only one in which climbers substantially contributed to the importance value (17%). Greater Myrtaceae importance values were associated with warmer and more mesic climates and early forest successional stages. Climate associations were similar within tribes and growth forms, whereas forest structure effects varied. Myrtaceae was functionally distinct from most co‐occurring woody families. Contributions to CWM wood density, maximum height, and specific leaf area values were significantly greater than expected from its importance value. Conclusions Myrtaceae is the second most ecologically important woody family in NZ woody ecosystems. The family has a distinctive functional trait spectrum associated with high wood density and tall stature, ensuring large and enduring carbon stocks. There will potentially be large and deleterious outcomes in forest ecosystems if taxon‐specific pathogens, such as Austropuccinia psidii, spread and significantly reduce Myrtaceae importance.

Clashing epistemologies and contrasting injustice: an Aotearoa/ New Zealand case

“…Myrtle rust also presents a significant ecological and cultural threat [Jo et al, 2022]. However, unlike kauri dieback which is located only in the northern regions where kauri grow, myrtle rust is wind-blown and has now been identified in many regions across New Zealand [Toome-Heller et al, 2020].…”

Disturbance‐mediated community characteristics and anthropogenic pressure intensify understorey plant invasions in natural forests

“…woody vs. herbaceous) of native and non-native species present in the study plots from species information data from NVS and Brandt et al (2021). Other functional trait values were compiled primarily from NZ regional studies that reported trait values (Grubb et al, 2013;Jo et al, 2022;Mason et al, 2010;McGlone et al, 2010;Richardson et al, 2008;Simpson et al, 2016). Missing traits values were filled using the global TRY trait database (Kattge et al, 2020).…”