Ecological Genetics and the Restoration of Plant Communities: Mix or Match?

Lesica, Peter; Allendorf, Fred W.

doi:10.1046/j.1526-100x.1999.07105.x

Cited by 268 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The use of native genotypes in restoration is important in the avoidance of outbreeding depression, which can result in the decline of a native population (Erickson, 2008;Aitken and Whitlock, 2013). Local ecotypes are adapted to site conditions, and even though the use of natives is often more expensive there is greater restoration success with their use (Lesica and Allendorf, 1999). However, there have been recent recommendations that local genotypes could be supplemented with non-local genotypes as bet-hedging against unforeseen environmental change (Doak and Morris, 2010).…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-level genetic variation and climate change in a biodiversity hotspot

Schierenbeck

2017

Ann Bot

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Introduction Estimated future climate scenarios can be used to predict where hotspots of endemism may occur over the next century, but life history, ecological and genetic traits will be important in informing the varying responses within myriad taxa. Essential to predicting the consequences of climate change to individual species will be an understanding of the factors that drive genetic structure within and among populations. Here, I review the factors that influence the genetic structure of plant species in California, but are applicable elsewhere; existing levels of genetic variation, life history and ecological characteristics will affect the ability of an individual taxon to persist in the presence of anthropogenic change.Factors influencing the distribution of genetic variation Persistence in the face of climate change is likely determined by life history characteristics: dispersal ability, generation time, reproductive ability, degree of habitat specialization, plant-insect interactions, existing genetic diversity and availability of habitat or migration corridors. Existing levels of genetic diversity in plant populations vary based on a number of evolutionary scenarios that include endemism, expansion since the last glacial maximum, breeding system and current range sizes.Regional priorities and examples A number of well-documented examples are provided from the California Floristic Province. Some predictions can be made for the responses of plant taxa to rapid environmental changes based on geographic position, evolutionary history, existing genetic variation, and ecological amplitude.Conclusions, Solutions and Recommendations The prediction of how species will respond to climate change will require a synthesis drawing from population genetics, geography, palaeontology and ecology. The important integration of the historical factors that have shaped the distribution and existing genetic structure of California's plant taxa will enable us to predict and prioritize the conservation of species and areas most likely to be impacted by rapid climate change, human disturbance and invasive species.

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Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-level genetic variation and climate change in a biodiversity hotspot

Schierenbeck

2017

Ann Bot

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“…The use of non-timber native plants (grasses, forbs, and shrubs) in restoration and reclamation is increasing, with some concern that seed transfer guidelines of some kind may be needed (Lesica and Allendorf 1999;Booth and Jones 2001;Hufford and Mazer 2003). This concern is reasonable because, in addition to forest trees, both agronomic crops and orna-T mental releases have recommended limits for their distribution.…”

Section: N O M E N C L At U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Pacific Northwest Forest Tree Seed Zones: A Template for Native Plants?

Johnson¹,

Sorensen²,

Clair³

et al. 2004

Native Plants Journal

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Seed movement guidelines for restoration activities are lacking for most native grasses, forbs, and shrubs. The forestry community has decades of experience in establishing seed zones and seed movement guidelines that may be of value to restoration managers. We review the history of seed zone development in forest trees, with emphasis on the Pacific Northwest, and make some suggestions concerning seed transfer guidelines for other native plants. K E Y W O R D Sseed movement, genetic variation, adaptation ITIS (2002)he forestry community has been restoring, replanting, and reforesting lands with native tree species for decades in North America and for centuries in Europe. This work and early provenance tests show large amounts of source-related genetic variation within species for traits that are associated with adaptation, such as growth traits, cold hardiness, and phenology. As a consequence, the forestry community in the US Pacific Northwest (Oregon and Washington) initiated forest tree seed certification and a system of seed zones in the 1960s. These seed zones have been modified over time to incorporate new research information. Although adaptive variation in forest trees is usually continuous across the landscape, zones with distinct boundaries generally have been used to control seed use for administrative reasons. A seed zone is a mapped area with fixed boundaries in which seeds or plant materials can be transferred with minimal risk of maladaptation and, this is important in forestry, with minimal risk of a loss in productivity. Continuous zones, or seed transfer guidelines, are similar in that they recommend how far seeds can be transferred from point of origin, and describe the relative risk associated with that transfer.

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“…Owing to concerns about the loss of local adaptation and reduced progeny fitness through outbreeding depression [6][7][8], recommendations for sourcing genetic material for genetic rescue and restoration often advocate the use of local genotypes, genetically similar individuals or those from environments that match the transplant site [4,[8][9][10][11]. Although these recommendations provide an important basis undertaking genetic rescue, there is currently little known about the relative contribution of genetic quality to restoration success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source population characteristics affect heterosis following genetic rescue of fragmented plant populations

et al. 2013

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Understanding the relative importance of heterosis and outbreeding depression over multiple generations is a key question in evolutionary biology and is essential for identifying appropriate genetic sources for population and ecosystem restoration. Here we use 2455 experimental crosses between 12 population pairs of the rare perennial plant Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides (Asteraceae) to investigate the multi-generational (F 1 , F 2 , F 3 ) fitness outcomes of inter-population hybridization. We detected no evidence of outbreeding depression, with inter-population hybrids and backcrosses showing either similar fitness or significant heterosis for fitness components across the three generations. Variation in heterosis among population pairs was best explained by characteristics of the foreign source or home population, and was greatest when the source population was large, with high genetic diversity and low inbreeding, and the home population was small and inbred. Our results indicate that the primary consideration for maximizing progeny fitness following population augmentation or restoration is the use of seed from large, genetically diverse populations.

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Ecological Genetics and the Restoration of Plant Communities: Mix or Match?

Cited by 268 publications

References 71 publications

Population-level genetic variation and climate change in a biodiversity hotspot

Population-level genetic variation and climate change in a biodiversity hotspot

Pacific Northwest Forest Tree Seed Zones: A Template for Native Plants?

Source population characteristics affect heterosis following genetic rescue of fragmented plant populations

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