Ecological functions ofTrichodermaspp. and their secondary metabolites in the rhizosphere: interactions with plants

Abstract

Trichodermaspp. are common soil and root inhabitants that have been widely studied due to their capacity to produce antibiotics, parasitize other fungi and compete with deleterious plant microorganisms. These fungi produce a number of secondary metabolites such as non-ribosomal peptides, terpenoids, pyrones and indolic-derived compounds. In the rhizosphere, the exchange and recognition of signaling molecules byTrichodermaand plants may alter physiological and biochemical aspects in both. For example, severalTrichodermastrains induce root branching and increase shoot biomass as a consequence of cell division, expansion and differentiation by the presence of fungal auxin-like compounds. Furthermore,Trichoderma, in association with plant roots, can trigger systemic resistance and improve plant nutrient uptake. The present review describes the most recent advances in understanding the ecological functions ofTrichodermaspp. in the rhizosphere at biochemical and molecular levels with special emphasis on their associations with plants. Finally, through a synthesis of the current body of work, we present potential future research directions on studies related toTrichodermaspp. and their secondary metabolites in agroecosystems.

Managing the plant microbiome for biocontrol fungi: examples from Hypocreales

“…Trichoderma species infect a number of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. When growing in the rhizosphere they also outcompete plant pathogens and secrete plant growth promoters [56][57][58].…”

Role of peptaibols and lytic enzymes of Trichoderma cerinum Gur1 in biocontrol of Fusraium oxysporum and chickpea wilt

“…The responsible factors for the PGP ability of T. cerinum Gur1 appear to be secretion of phytohormone IAA, and enhanced availability of phosphorus and iron to plants by phosphate solubilization and siderophore production. As reported by several workers, increase in biomass is directly induced by production of plant growth promoting metabolites or through stimulation of nutrient uptake, and indirectly by production of lytic enzymes or antibiotics that protect plants from deleterious rhizosphere organisms (Hermosa et al 2012;Contreras-Cornejo et al 2016;Li et al 2016). …”

Efectos de la aplicación de Trichoderma asperellum y su filtrado en el crecimiento de almácigos de cebolla (Allium cepa)

“…Como consecuencias, cuando el sistema radicular es colonizado, la asociación se potencia proveyendo protección a la zona contra microorganismos patógenos y también desarrollando más el sistema radicular, lo que mejora la absorción de nutrientes y agua. Lo anterior incrementa la tolerancia al estrés por parte de la planta, promueve el crecimiento vegetal e induce resistencia contra los patógenos [11], [12].…”