Ecological Diversity of Soil Fauna as Ecosystem Engineers in Small-Holder Cocoa Plantation in South Konawe

Kilowasid, Laode Muhammad Harjoni; Syamsudin, Tati Suryati; Susilo, F.X.; Sulistyawati, Endah

doi:10.5400/jts.2012.v17i2.173-180

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Adapun penggunaan bahan kimia sintetik yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran tanah pada lahan pertanian (Adriyani, 2006) sehingga mampu menurunkan kesuburan tanah dan keanekaragaman arthropoda tanah yang dapat mempengaruhi keseimbangan ekosistem sawah (Lestari & Puji, 2009). Tanah merupakan habitat dari berbagai organisme misalnya arthropoda, bakteri, jamur, nematoda, dan cacing tanah (Sofia, 2001;Jeffrey et al, 2011) yang memiliki peran penting dalam dekomposisi bahan organik tanah untuk penyediaan unsur hara bagi tanaman serta mendukung berlangsungnya rantai makanan dalam tanah (Bonkowski et al, 2000;Gardi & Jeffrey, 2009;Kilowasid et al, 2013). Arthropoda tanah di ekosistem sawah merupakan arthropoda yang hidup dan aktif di dalam atau permukaan tanah dan mempunyai peranan penting dalam proses dekomposisi bahan organik tanah dan aktivitas lainnya.…”

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Arthropoda Permukaan Tanah : Kelimpahan, Keanekaragaman, Komposisi dan Hubungannya dengan Fase Pertumbuhan Tanaman pada Ekosistem Padi Hitam Berpupuk Organik

et al. 2020

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Arthropoda permukaan tanah merupakan bagian penting dari suatu ekosistem di dalam tanah yang berperan dalam proses dekomposisi, aerasi dan siklus nutrisi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik asal ampas bungkil mimba dan gulma siam terhadap kelimpahan, keanekaragaman dan komposisi arthropoda permukaan tanah dan hubungannya dengan fase pertumbuhan tanaman pada ekosistem sawah padi hitam. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Cinenggang, Desa Cileles, Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang sejak bulan April – November 2018. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) terdiri dari lima perlakuan yaitu kontrol (tanpa pupuk), pupuk ampas bungkil mimba, kompos gulma siam, pupuk kohe sapi, dan NPK yang diulang sebanyak enam kali. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh sembilan famili arthropoda permukaan tanah yang terdiri dari famili Carabidae, Curculionidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae, Acrididae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae, Nepidae, dan Lycosidae. Pada semua perlakuan, kelimpahan arthropoda permukaan tanah yang mendominasi dari famili (Carabidae, Formicidae) yaitu perlakuan kontrol (117; 31 individu), pupuk ampas bungkil mimba (142; 159 individu), kompos gulma siam (160; 98 individu), pupuk kohe sapi (102; 74 individu) dan pupuk NPK (93; 70 individu). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk ampas bungkil mimba dan kompos gulma siam memperlihatkan kelimpahan karnivor tertinggi, namun tidak berbeda nyata pada herbivor. Keanekaragaman arthropoda permukaan tanah pada semua perlakuan (kontrol, pupuk ampas bungkil mimba, kompos gulma siam, pupuk kohe sapi, pupuk NPK) memiliki nilai indeks keragaman sedang (1,470; 1,310; 1,377; 1,585; 1,638). Selanjutnya, perlakuan ampas bungkil mimba dan kompos gulma siam menunjukkan total arthropoda permukaan tanah tertinggi pada fase vegetatif bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pupuk kohe sapi, NPK dan kontrol. Namun pada fase generatif, perlakuan pupuk kohe sapi yang memperlihatkan total arthropoda permukaan tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.

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Arthropoda Permukaan Tanah : Kelimpahan, Keanekaragaman, Komposisi dan Hubungannya dengan Fase Pertumbuhan Tanaman pada Ekosistem Padi Hitam Berpupuk Organik

et al. 2020

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“…This fact indicates that the addition of biochar has not been able to significantly change the composition of the soil nematode community, although the abundance of Aphelenchoididae and Longidoridae showed significant changes. These results may be related to the quality of available food that is accessible to nematodes between biochar levels, which are relatively similar (Eisenhauer et al 2011), so that they have not been able to change the number of dominant families in the soil nematode community at each dose of biochar (Freckman and Ettema 1993;Kilowasid et al 2013). This assumption is clarified by the results in Table 2, where the most dominant family was not seen in each biochar dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Biochar to Control Root-Feeding Soil Nematodes on Muna Local Tomatoes Variety

Ningsi¹,

Hakim²,

Dussy³

et al. 2021

j Trop. Soils

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Energy pathways in soil nematode communities consist of energy pathways for roots, bacteria, and fungi. The dominance of the root energy pathway indicated an increase in nematode attacks on the roots that can be regulated through changes in food availability and the environment. This study aimed to (i) determines the effect of the biochar rate on soil nematode energy pathways on local tomato plants and (2) determine the biochar rate that can suppress the dominance of root-feeding nematodes of local varieties of Muna tomato plants. The treatment tested was the biochar rate expressed as a percentage of the biochar weight the soil weight, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Each was repeated three times, randomly placed in the experimental plot following the randomized block design procedure. The results showed that the addition of biochar to 10% of the soil weight decreased the abundance of the total nematodes and family Longidoridae, on the other hand, increased Aphelenchoididae, Spearman rho correlation. The abundance of root eaters decreased; on the other hand, fungivores increased with the biochar rate. Spearman rho indicated that fungivores were negatively correlated with root-feeders and omnivores while positively correlated with predators. It was concluded that applying biochar up to a rate of 10% of the soil weight before planting could suppress the abundance of root-feeding nematodes in the vegetative growth phase of Muna local tomatoes variety.

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“…Increased yield associated with increased abundance may be related to the presence of invertebrates of different ecological functions (predators, engineers, decomposers) in the soil, even though there is no increase in biological diversity. For Kilowasid et al (2012), this functional diversity improves ecosystem services, such as yield. Blanchart et al (2006) affirm that a better use of biota resources may increase the functional properties of ecosystems and allow better agricultural productivity and sustainability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Huguenin et al (2006) argued that edaphic fauna increases agricultural production. Soil engineers, for example, affect plant productivity, regulating the stability of soil biota (Kilowasid et al, 2012). Therefore, our hypothesis is that the different soil fertilization regimes modify soil fauna and thus interfere in the maize grain yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

October 2020

2020

Aust J Crop Sci

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Soil fauna activities transform the soil, but soil organisms are also influenced by changes in the land. We hypothesize that different soil fertilization regimes modify soil fauna and in this way affect maize grain yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different soil fertilization regimes on the structure of the soil fauna and the association between these organisms and the maize grain yield. The experiment was conducted in Maranhão State (Brazil), in an alley crop system which was divided into 32 plots of 4×10 m, with four replicates and the following treatments: Gliricidia sepium -gliricidia (G), potassium (K), humic acid (HA), humic acid + potassium (HA + K), potassium + gliricidia (K + G), humic acid + potassium + gliricidia (HA + K + G), humic acid + gliricidia (HA + G) and uncovered soil (US). Soil fauna dominance, abundance, richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index and maize grain yield were determined. Fertilization with humic acid and potassium caused the dominance of isopods. The dominance of ants was also related to soil potassium (K treatment). The only taxon associated with yield was Araneae. Although fauna abundance did not show differences between treatments, it was related to yield. This study does not confirm the hypothesis that different soil fertilization regimes affect soil fauna and consequently influence maize grain yield. Nevertheless, we confirm that maize grain yield may be improved by the presence of specific groups and by the increased abundance of soil fauna.

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Ecological Diversity of Soil Fauna as Ecosystem Engineers in Small-Holder Cocoa Plantation in South Konawe

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Arthropoda Permukaan Tanah : Kelimpahan, Keanekaragaman, Komposisi dan Hubungannya dengan Fase Pertumbuhan Tanaman pada Ekosistem Padi Hitam Berpupuk Organik

Arthropoda Permukaan Tanah : Kelimpahan, Keanekaragaman, Komposisi dan Hubungannya dengan Fase Pertumbuhan Tanaman pada Ekosistem Padi Hitam Berpupuk Organik

Use of Biochar to Control Root-Feeding Soil Nematodes on Muna Local Tomatoes Variety

October 2020

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