Ecological correlations between neurocranial and limb bone measurements: toward the solution of the brachycephalization problem

Mizoguchi, Yuji

doi:10.1537/ase.061204

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…). As shown here, the cervical vertebrae are highly integrated with the basicranium (see also Mizoguchi ) and the basicranium in turn is highly integrated with the facial skeleton (e.g., Lieberman et al. ; Gkantidis and Halazonetis ; Bastir and Rosas ; Villamil ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Phenotypic integration of the cervical vertebrae in the Hominoidea (Primates)

Villamil

2018

Evolution

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Phenotypic integration and modularity represent important factors influencing evolutionary change. The mammalian cervical vertebral column is particularly interesting in regards to integration and modularity because it is highly constrained to seven elements, despite widely variable morphology. Previous research has found a common pattern of integration among quadrupedal mammals, but integration patterns also evolve in response to locomotor selective pressures like those associated with hominin bipedalism. Here, I test patterns of covariation in the cervical vertebrae of three hominoid primates (Hylobates, Pan, Homo) who engage in upright postures and locomotion. Patterns of integration in the hominoid cervical vertebrae correspond generally to those previously found in other mammals, suggesting that integration in this region is highly conserved, even among taxa that engage in novel positional behaviors. These integration patterns reflect underlying developmental as well as functional modules. The strong integration between vertebrae suggests that the functional morphology of the cervical vertebral column should be considered as a whole, rather than in individual vertebrae. Taxa that display highly derived morphologies in the cervical vertebrae are likely exploiting these integration patterns, rather than reorganizing them. Future work on vertebrates without cervical vertebral number constraints will further clarify the evolution of integration in this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Phenotypic integration of the cervical vertebrae in the Hominoidea (Primates)

Villamil

2018

Evolution

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“…While the inconsistency may be due to the local population history of the Jomon in Japan, it may relate to brachycephalization. Recent studies have indicated that the dolico/brachycephalic classification does not reflect the genetic architecture (Martínez-Abadías et al, 2009), and that the cephalic variation associated with cranial length can be partly caused by diachronic changes in environment (Mizoguchi, 2007). Among the present Jomon regional variation, the cline of cranial index may be mainly due to changes in the cranial length (GOL), not in the breadth (XCB) (see Appendix 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Regional variations in the Jomon population revisited on craniofacial morphology

Kondo

Fukase

Fukumoto³

2017

Anthropological Science

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Considering the geographical setting of the Japanese archipelago at the periphery of the Asian continent, regional variation in Jomon phenotypes can be interpreted as an outcome of population history. In this paper, we focused on regional variation in the Jomon craniofacial morphology and assumed that the observed regional differences were a reflection of the formation process of the Jomon population, which is a mixture of intrinsic expansion of an initial population with extrinsic influence of hypothetical gene flow. Compiled craniometric data from archeological site reports indicate that Jomon skulls, especially in the neurocranium, exhibit a discernible level of northeast-to-southwest geographical cline across the Japanese archipelago, placing the Hokkaido and Okinawa samples at both extreme ends. A quantitative genetic approach using an R-matrix method indicates that the cranial parts of the neurocranium and mandible exhibit a proportionately larger regional variation, the former of which confirms a trend of geographical cline and reveals the respective region presumably having different population histories with their respective local backgrounds. The following scenarios can be hypothesized with caution: (a) the formation of Jomon population seemed to proceed in eastern or central Japan, not western Japan (Okinawa or Kyushu regions); (b) the Kyushu Jomon could have a small-sized and isolated population history; and (c) the population history of Hokkaido Jomon could have been deeply rooted and/or affected by long-term extrinsic gene flows.

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Interpretation of craniometric variation in northeastern Japan, the Tohoku region

Kawakubo

Hanihara

Shigematsu

et al. 2009

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It is now generally held that the Neolithic Jomon people with generalized craniofacial features occupied the entire Japanese archipelago. Around 2300-1300 years BP, migrants from somewhere in eastern Asia to the southwestern part of Japan admixed with the indigenous Jomon descendants. Based on this population history, it is expected to find clinal variation of genetic as well as phenotypic traits over space and time, as well as population groups related to the previous inhabitants over which the present one has been superimposed at the periphery of the expansion of migrant lineages, the Tohoku region. Taking these hypotheses into account, the present study focuses on the pattern of spatial and temporal craniometric variation to address the process of population growth, expansion, and microevolution during the last 2000 years, with special reference to the population history of the Tohoku region. The results obtained support the 'dual structure model' for the origin and affinities of modern Japanese. Turning to the situation of the Tohoku region, one may conclude that the relatively close morphological affinity of Tohoku Kofun and, to a lesser extent, Tohoku Edo with the recent Ainu should not be regarded as an evidence of the close population relationships (ancestraldescendant relationships) but a possible differential retention of common ancestral characteristics.

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Ecological correlations between neurocranial and limb bone measurements: toward the solution of the brachycephalization problem

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Phenotypic integration of the cervical vertebrae in the Hominoidea (Primates)

Phenotypic integration of the cervical vertebrae in the Hominoidea (Primates)

Regional variations in the Jomon population revisited on craniofacial morphology

Interpretation of craniometric variation in northeastern Japan, the Tohoku region

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