“…In his writings of the 1920s, Mukerjee landed upon what can be thought of as an “ecological” theory of the social, but unlike the social ecology of the early Chicago school and some anthropological ecologies of the time, Mukerjee's approach was offered a more critical lens. In one of his founding declarations, he writes: “man and the region [that is, nature] are not separate but mutually inter‐dependent entities, plastic, fluent, growing.” He opposes his conception directly to the so‐called “human ecological” approach which, he says, “has been concerned almost entirely with biotic factors, with the effects of man upon man, disregarding often enough the trees and animals, land and water….an undue prominence has been given in history and economics to these purely human influences.” He goes on to argue that what is needed is a sociology that stresses not only “the intimate ecologic inter‐relations of man but…also…his close alliance with the entire range of ecologic forces, his co‐operation in the conservation of the land, in the use of water, in the management of forests and rivers, or in the domestication and use of his live‐stock and the control of insects bacteria and parasites” (Mukerjee, 1930, p. 286).…”