Ecological compensation and Environmental Impact Assessment in Spain

Villarroya, Ana; Puig, Jordi

doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2009.11.001

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Of all road and railway projects approved by Spanish national and regional authorities in 2006 and 2007, 40% (85 out of 214) included provisions regarding compensatory measures (Villarroya and Puig 2010). This percentage dropped to 22% (16 out of 72) for infrastructure projects approved between 2009 and 2011 (Villarroya 2012). Table 1 shows the Swedish public authorities having made the decisions identified as well as the provisions of the Environmental Code referred to by them.…”

Section: Decisions Taken By Municipalities and Cabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation in Swedish infrastructure projects and suggestions on policy improvements

Persson¹,

Larsson²,

Villarroya³

2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental compensation includes a range of activities intended to counterbalance such negative impacts of development projects that remain in the environment after all preventive and corrective measures have been fully implemented. Sweden, being a member state of the European Union (EU), must implement environmental compensation under EU directives such as the Habitat Directive. However, like in other countries, implementation is not yet widespread in Sweden, and new practices and guidelines remain to be developed both nationally and at European level. This need is all the more urgent considering that the European Commission estimates that, within the EU, about 100,000 hectares of land is converted from its natural state each year.The aim of this paper is to describe current environmental-compensation practices in Swedish road and railway projects and to discuss issues of vital importance to the development of compensation policy, such as what to compensate for, how much, and how.A national inventory was performed, for the first time in Sweden, to identify compensation measures in road and railway projects. Data were collected from a national mailing list including 141 officials at county administrative boards (CABs), internal e-mail correspondence within the Swedish Transport Administration and databases of court decisions. The inventory focused on compensation measures ordered by virtue of the Swedish Environmental Code. In addition, two case studies were carried out to investigate the planning of compensation measures.The results showed that CABs and courts rarely order compensation in infrastructure projects, even though this is possible under Swedish law. Between 1999 and 2012, 37 cases (i.e. permits issued) were found for which compensation was ordered. Of these cases, 76% concerned compensation for encroachments on minor habitats such as small ponds and cairns. No CAB ordered compensation for RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journalJesper Persson et al. / Nature Conservation 11: 113-127 (2015) 114 non-protected areas. Compensation ratios were never explicitly mentioned in permits, but in practice a ratio of 1:1 (often measured as area or length) was usually applied. The compensation measures typically consisted in recreating the same kind of natural asset that was affected, in a location close to the damaged area. In the two cases specially studied, the road and railway planning processes were not properly adjusted to integrate compensation issues, resulting in unnecessary bureaucracy and insufficient co-ordination between different projects, such as between the environmental-impact assessment process and the compensation process or between closely related sub-projects in the same region.To meet the EU's goal of no net loss of biodiversity, we suggest that policy requirements should be made stricter and that incentives for voluntary compensation should be created. In line with the goals of Swedish national transport policy and th...

show abstract

Section: Decisions Taken By Municipalities and Cabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation in Swedish infrastructure projects and suggestions on policy improvements

Persson¹,

Larsson²,

Villarroya³

2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, from the perspective of consumption, it can be argued that less developed areas with abundant natural resources such as the Northwest are in disadvantaged position as they need to destroy their own environment in order to meet consumer demand in developed regions, while developed regions do not need to pay an equivalent cost. To solve this problem, several scholars have proposed the concept of ecological compensation 5 (Marie et al, 2013;Villarroya and Puig, 2010;Zheng and Zhang, 2006). This has also been presented in official documents from Chinese central government as a means of resolving the financial problems associated with ecological restoration 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon emissions embodied in demand–supply chains in China

Liu

Fan

et al. 2015

Energy Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using the multi-regional input-output model (MRIO), the paper distinguishes the carbon emissions embodied in commodities for domestic final consumption (CBEs, consumption-based emissions) and those for export (EBEs, export-based emissions), and then calculates carbon emissions embodied in the demand-supply chains for consumption and export based on technical coefficients matrix of the MRIO for one country. Taking China as an example, we provide a dynamic analysis of CBEs, EBEs, and carbon emissions embodied in consumption and export demand-supply chains at the sub-national level based on the MRIO tables for 1997 and 2007. The results show that, in China, the transferred carbon emissions embodied in demand-supply chains driven by consumption and export both showed rapid growth during [1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. And the net transferred carbon emissions embodied in the demand-supply chains showed an increasing trend as well. Less developed regions with abundant fossil fuels tend to net flow out carbon emissions.

show abstract

“…Porém, como bem colocado por Cowell (1997), continua a ser discutido em que medida a perda dos valores ambientais pode, eventualmente, ser restaurada ou revertida pela compensação monetária. Para Villarroya & Puig (2010), a compensação ambiental deve compensar o impacto ambiental da atividade humana, evitando uma perda líquida na base de recursos ambientais, e não indenizar por seu esgotamento. Na visão de Xie et al (2013), a compensação ambiental é um tema interdisciplinar no qual, durante as últimas décadas, nenhum consenso foi alcançado em termos de investigação.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efetividade da Compensação Ambiental Monetária no Brasil

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMONo Brasil, a compensação ambiental monetária ocorre em situações em que um impacto ambiental de um projeto não pode ser evitado e nem mitigado, restando ao empreendedor a obrigatoriedade de apoiar a implantação e manutenção de Unidade de Conservação (UC). Os critérios para a escolha da área a ser beneficiada estão relacionados à sua conexão espacial ou funcional com a área impactada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da compensação ambiental monetária, avaliando a conexão espacial e funcional na aplicação dos recursos desse instrumento. Para tanto, compararam-se os recursos gerados da compensação ambiental a serem aplicados no município de ocorrência do empreendimento, bem como verificou-se se as áreas afetadas e beneficiadas pertenciam ao mesmo bioma. Os resultados indicaram que a compensação ambiental monetária não costuma ocorrer no mesmo município do empreendimento. Porém, em 96% dos casos, ela tende a ocorrer no mesmo bioma.

show abstract

Ecological compensation and Environmental Impact Assessment in Spain

Cited by 45 publications

References 9 publications

Compensation in Swedish infrastructure projects and suggestions on policy improvements

Compensation in Swedish infrastructure projects and suggestions on policy improvements

Carbon emissions embodied in demand–supply chains in China

Efetividade da Compensação Ambiental Monetária no Brasil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About