Ecological behavior of plutonium and americium in a freshwater ecosystem. Phase II.  Implications of differences in transuranic isotopic ratios

Emery, Richard M.; Garland, T.

doi:10.2172/4218018

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Thus, no specific element K d values could be calculated. and Emery and Garland (1974) found no evidence that radiation dose at these facilities were limiting the algal, plant, or animal communities present even though calculated maximum dose rates reached 1 R per week and maximum gross beta levels reach 10 4 pCi/L in the water.…”

Section: Americiummentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Because the Columbia River bank sediments are not as fine-grained, a lower K d value of 500 mL/g was chosen, but the range was extended to values even larger than Livens et al (1994) found. and Emery and Garland (1974) studied pond sediments and pond water at U Pond on the Hanford Site in 200 West Area. On average, the pond sediments contained 53.9 pCi/g Am-241 and the overlying waters contained 1.1 pCi/L.…”

Section: Americiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was assumed that the pond sediments and water represent an equilibrium condition; the in-situ K d for americium is 49,000 mL/g. Emery and Garland (1974) and also extracted the pond sediments with several chemical reagents in a sequential fashion wherein each extract used became more vigorous in reaction. Over 90% of the americium was not extractable from the pond sediments even with strong reagents.…”

Section: Americiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kd Values for Agricultural and Surface Soils for Use in Hanford Site Farm, Residential, and River Shoreline Scenarios

Serne¹

2007

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SummaryThis report provides best estimate K d values and a minimum and maximum range of K d values to be used for agricultural soils and Columbia River bank sediments that exist today or would exist in the future when portions of the Hanford Site are released for farming, residential, and recreational use after the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) completes clean up of defense waste on the site. The K d values should be used to determine the fate and transport rates of contaminants and their availability for plant and animal uptake in selected non-groundwater scenarios included in Hanford Site environmental impact statements, risk assessments and specific facility performance assessments.This report describes scenarios such as a small farm where drilling of a well inadvertently goes through buried waste and brings waste to the surface, allowing the tailings to become available for direct human exposure or incorporation into garden crops and farm animals used for food by the farm family. The K d values recommended in this report can also be used to calculate sediment-water partitioning factors used to predict plant and animal uptake from interaction with the contaminated soil.The values recommended herein should not be used to predict exposure to contaminants in drinking water or from water used for irrigation. For the waterborne scenarios, K d values recommended in Last et al. (2004) and Krupka et al. (2004) should be used because they better predict the distribution and mobility of contaminants in water.Other non-groundwater scenarios include (1) recreational or native American use of the Columbia River bank that exposes humans to contaminants adsorbed to the river bank sediments, (2) contaminants transferred from sediments to plants or animals that reside along the Columbia River bank, and (3) any other scenario that requires estimation of soil-to-plant or soil-to-animal transfer parameters that are often calculated based on soil K d values.For these non-groundwater exposure scenarios, choosing a larger K d value from available values will be "conservative" in the sense that large K d values keep the contaminant available longer (retains more contaminants in the soils) such that exposure to humans or incorporation into animals and plants is maximized. Therefore, the K d values in this report are slightly biased to keep the contaminants near the ground surface for longer time periods. Upon exposure to water or by direct contact, the contaminated near-surface soils allow more opportunity for direct exposure and incorporation into plant matter and animals.The following contaminants of concern were the focus of the search: americium,

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Section: Americiummentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Americiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Americiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kd Values for Agricultural and Surface Soils for Use in Hanford Site Farm, Residential, and River Shoreline Scenarios

Serne¹

2007

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“…The PFP FSAR (WHC-SD-CP-SAR-021), Table 9-44 gives the mass weighted isotopic concentrations for two categories of Pu material stored in the PFP--for material containing less than 10% Pu-240, and for material containing > 10% Pu-240. The bulk of the plutonium processed at PFP was weapons grade with an isotopic composition of approximately 93% Pu-239,6% Pu-240, and 0.6% Pu-241 (Emery and Garland 1974). In the late 1960's limited processing of fuel elements fiom power reactors occurred.…”

Section: G-hydrogen Generation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Justification for Continued Operation for Tank 241-Z-361

Bogen¹

1999

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“…The bulk of the plutonium processed was weapons grade with an isotopic composition of approximately 93% Pu-239,6% Pu-240, and 0.6% Pu-241 (Emery and Garland, 1974). In the late 1960's, limited processing of fuel elements from power reactors occurred.…”

Section: Summary Of Sources Of Waste Sent To Tank 241-5361mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering study of the criticality issues associated with Hanford tank 241-Z-361

Lipke¹

1997

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Ecological behavior of plutonium and americium in a freshwater ecosystem. Phase II. Implications of differences in transuranic isotopic ratios

Abstract: O n lanuary 19, 1975, research and development programs of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) became part of the newly formed Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA). In this report, since it refers to work done in 1974, most references are to AEC programs.

Cited by 7 publications

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Kd Values for Agricultural and Surface Soils for Use in Hanford Site Farm, Residential, and River Shoreline Scenarios

Kd Values for Agricultural and Surface Soils for Use in Hanford Site Farm, Residential, and River Shoreline Scenarios

Justification for Continued Operation for Tank 241-Z-361

Engineering study of the criticality issues associated with Hanford tank 241-Z-361

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