Ecological Assessment of Water Quality by Three-species Acute Toxicity Test and GC/MS Analysis - A Case Study of Agricultural Drains -

Abstract

The water quality of environmental waters from the viewpoint of aquatic ecotoxicity was investigated using a three-species ecotoxicity test (algae, daphnia and fish). Water samples were collected, concentrated with a solid-phase extraction technique and exposed to each test species. The growth inhibition, immobilization (swimming inhibition) and mortality ratios in acute toxicity tests for algae, daphnia and fish, respectively, were used as water quality indexes. For the river waters, 38% of the monitoring sites showed good water quality from the viewpoint of long-term ecotoxicity for all the three test species because no toxicity effects were observed at the concentration factors of 10, 50 and 50 for algae, daphnia and fish, respectively. For the agricultural drains, the ecotoxicity level responded sensitively especially when agricultural chemicals were applied. The GC/MS analysis also confirmed that the detection index (DI) in the agricultural drains was often raised significantly by the agricultural chemicals, but the period with high ecotoxicity did not continue for long.

Nitrogen Purge Condition for Simultaneous GC/MS Measurement of Chemicals

“…Nitrogen purge procedure at the default condition Nitrogen purge of acetone solution, which had been used as the extraction solvent in SPE (Ishi et al, 2000;Fattahia et al, 2007;Jinya et al, 2011;Samadia et al, 2012), was investigated in this study. Fundamentals of the nitrogen purge procedure were according to the conventional method (Jinya et al, 2011;Kameya et al, 2010;Kameya et al, 2012). The 10 mL acetone extract was put into a test tube, and purged to 0.5 mL moderately at a gas flow of 0.5 mL/min from about 1 cm above the solvent surface constantly by adjusting the height of purging nozzle.…”

“…Including the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) system, the promotion of chemical management is required internationally, and the need for environmental risk evaluation of chemicals has increased in recent years. Therefore, environmental monitoring of chemicals has become important for the evaluation of risk to humans and aquatic life, and effective simultaneous monitoring of large number of chemicals in the environment is necessary (Kadokami et al, 2009;Kameya et al, 2010;Miyagawa et al, 2011;Kondo et al, 2012;Kadokami et al, 2013).…”

Detection of Japanese PRTR Chemicals in a River Affected by Effluent from Industrial and Sewage Facilities

“…Details of the SPE, nitrogen gas purge procedure and recovery ratio followed the conventional method (Kameya et al, 2010;Jinya et al, 2011;Kameya et al, 2012;Jinya, 2012;Kameya et al, 2014). In a previous laboratory experiment, more than 80% of chemicals examined had a recovery ratio of 50 -140%.…”