Ecological and human health risk assessment of toxic metals in street dusts and surface soils in Ahvaz, Iran

Ghanavati, Navid; Nazarpour, Ahad; Vivo, Benedetto De

doi:10.1007/s10653-018-0184-y

Cited by 103 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Moreover, due to the advancement of urbanization, impermeable pavement has become an increasingly ubiquitous transportation facility in cities, which intensifies the accumulation of dust with pollutants. As an indicator of atmospheric dry deposition, urban road dust is an essential factor that undermines the ambient air quality and topsoil (Gąsiorek et al 2017) and deep soil quality along roads (Ghanavati et al 2019;Trujillo-González et al 2016) as well as the quality of the receiving water body (Gunawardena et al 2013;Zhao et al 2010), which may cause adverse potential health risks to residents (Roy et al 2019). Vehicles and crowds on impervious urban roads could generate considerable dust plumes (Škrbić et al 2018), which will be resuspended into the atmosphere and cause airborne pollution and even haze due to wind (Shabanda et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of pollution characteristics and human health risk assessment of exposure to heavy elements in road dust from different functional areas of Zhengzhou, China

Wang

Shen

Kang

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Road dust from different sources directly contacts the human body and has potential effects on public health. In this study, a total number of 87 road dust samples were collected at 29 sampling sites from five different functional areas (commercial area (CA), residential area (RA), educational area (EA), industrial area (IA), and park area (PA)) in Zhengzhou to study the contamination status, distribution, source identification, ecological risk assessment, and spatial distribution of human health risks due to eight heavy elements. The geo-accumulation index (I geo) and pollution index (PI) revealed that there was very high contamination with Cd and Hg caused by atmospheric deposition, which should be paid special attention. Additionally, the source identification indicated that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb originate from anthropogenic activities related to traffic, and Hg can originate from medical equipment and agricultural chemicals, while the extremely low level of pollution with As could be explained by geographic sources. Moreover, the calculated ecological risk index values were increased in the order of CA > RA > EA > IA > PA in different functional areas. According to the human health risks of the whole city, children exposed to Pb have the highest health risk, especially for CA and IA, as calculated by the noncarcinogenic hazard index (HI). For adults and children, health risks caused by Cu, Zn, and Pb were higher in the CA, RA, and PA of the downtown area, whereas Cr and Ni had the highest noncarcinogenic exposure risk in northwestern Zhengzhou due to point source pollution. Calculations of the carcinogenic risk (CR) values for Cr, Ni, As, and Cd indicate that the value of Cr is highest (1.17 × 10 −7), especially inside the industrial area (8.55 × 10 −7), which is close to the lower limit of the threshold values (10 −6 to 10 −4). These results can provide a theoretical basis and data support for air treatment, pollution control, and the implementation of public prevention in different functional areas of Zhengzhou.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of pollution characteristics and human health risk assessment of exposure to heavy elements in road dust from different functional areas of Zhengzhou, China

Wang

Shen

Kang

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…For example, Chonokhuu et al [102] calculated acceptable non-cancer and cancer risks from urban dust in industrial cities of Mongolia. Similarly, non-significant cancer and non-cancer risks have been reported in other places, such as in Ahvaz, Iran [103] and Northwest China [104]. On the other hand, major cancer and/or non-cancer risks were reported in Baotou city in China [105], Tianjin in China [15,106] and the Persian Gulf [107].…”

Section: Laddmentioning

confidence: 71%

A Review of Metal Levels in Urban Dust, Their Methods of Determination, and Risk Assessment

2021

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This review gives insights into the levels of metals in urban dust, their determination methods, and risk assessment. Urban dust harbors a number of pollutants, including heavy metals. There are various methods used for the sampling of urban dust for heavy-metal analysis and source-apportionment purposes, with the predominant one being the use of plastic sampling materials to avoid prior contamination. There are also various methods for the determination of metals, which include: atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), among others. Studies have shown that pollutants in urban dust are mainly derived from industrial activities and coal combustion, whereas traffic emissions are also an important, but not a predominant source of pollution. The varying particle-size distribution of urban dust and its large surface area makes it easier for the deposition and transport of heavy metals. Risk-assessment studies have shown that metals in urban dust could cause such problems as human pulmonary toxicity and reduction of invertebrate populations. The risk levels seem to be higher in children than adults, as some studies have shown. It is therefore important that studies on metals in urban dust should always incorporate risk assessment as one of the main issues.

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“…The soil textures are loamy, sandy loam, and loamy clay. Soil pH ranges from 7.8 to 9.1, indicating that the soil in the region is alkaline (Ghanavati et al 2019).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal analysis of urban heat island using Landsat satellite images

Amindin

Pouyan

Pourghasemi

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The average land surface temperature (LST) of Earth has increased since the late nineteenth century due to the warming of the Earth's atmosphere. Increased surface temperatures, especially in cities, are a significant environmental problem that intensifies urban heat islands (UHIs). In this study, land surface temperature, urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI), and UHI index were mapped using Landsat 4, 5, 7, and 8 satellite images to identify the distribution and determine the intensities of the UHI. Maps of land use at multi-year intervals between 1995 and 2016 were created using the support vector machine (SVM) method. These were used to compare LST variations to land-use changes and to determine the linkages between the two. The results showed that the highest recorded temperatures in Ahvaz, the capital of Khozestan Province, Iran, occurred in areas of bare land (42.93°C) and residential development (40.06°C) in 2017. Land use classification showed that the highest classification accuracy (in 2016) was 93%. The most varying extents of land use in Ahvaz were bare lands, residential lands, and green spaces. Green spaces in the study area in 1995 and 2016 covered 14% and 7% of the area, respectively, which showed a 50% reduction in green space over 21 years. A composite map of UTFVI and UHI showed that the locations classified as very hot had the worst UTFVI. The results of this study of Ahvaz, Iran's heat islands, can inform and guide urban planners in locational matters and in efforts to mitigate and adapt changing land uses in order to limit the intensification of the UHI.

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Ecological and human health risk assessment of toxic metals in street dusts and surface soils in Ahvaz, Iran

Cited by 103 publications

References 61 publications

Spatial distribution of pollution characteristics and human health risk assessment of exposure to heavy elements in road dust from different functional areas of Zhengzhou, China

Spatial distribution of pollution characteristics and human health risk assessment of exposure to heavy elements in road dust from different functional areas of Zhengzhou, China

A Review of Metal Levels in Urban Dust, Their Methods of Determination, and Risk Assessment

Spatial and temporal analysis of urban heat island using Landsat satellite images

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