Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals: a case study of residential waste sites in Umuahia, South-East Nigeria

Okosa, I.; Paul, Tosin; Ikechukwu-Edeh, C.E.; Ehiomogue, Precious; EMEKA-CHRİS, Cordelia Chika; Okereke, A C

doi:10.1007/s10661-023-10930-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Overall, addressing heavy metal pollution within auto mechanic clusters is essential for mitigating potential risks to human health and the environment. Implementing pollution control measures, promoting proper waste management practices, and conducting regular monitoring are crucial steps toward ensuring environmental sustainability in such areas 88 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

Duru,

Echiegu,

Anyadike

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The indiscriminate disposal of spent engine oils and other hazardous waste at auto mechanic workshops clusters in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria is an environmental concern. This study examines the concentration of heavy metals in the soil inside the workshop cluster and in the unpolluted soil outside the workshop cluster at approximately 100 m. Ten sampling points were randomly selected from within the cluster and another ten from outside the cluster. Using a hand-held Global Positioning System, the coordinates of the selected points were established and used to create a digital map. Soil samples at depths of 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm, were analyzed for Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, As and Cd using Spectrophotometer. Moisture content determination and particle size analysis were also done on the samples. Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations of the studied site was also mapped with ArcGIS 10.2.2 using interpolation methods. Results showed that the soil ranged from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. Cadmium and Zinc had the lowest and highest concentration, respectively, in the studied area. Comparing the concentrations of heavy metals in soils within and outside the auto mechanic cluster revealed notable differences across various depths (0–30 cm and 30–60 cm). The analysis results for soil samples within the cluster exhibited concentration levels (mg/kg) ranging from 0.716–0.751 (Cu), 2.981–3.327 (Fe), 23.464–30.113 (Zn), 1.115–1.21 (Pb), 2.6–2.912 (As), and 0.133–0.365 (Cd) demonstrating a variation pattern in the order of Zn > Fe > As > Pb > Cu > Cd. Conversely, for soil samples outside the cluster, concentration levels (mg/kg) ranged from 0.611–0.618 (Cu), 2.233–2.516 (Fe), 12.841–15.736 (Zn), 0.887–0.903 (Pb), 1.669–1.911 (As), and 0.091–0.091 (Cd). To assess the disparity in heavy metal concentration levels between samples collected within and outside the clusters, ANOVA test was performed. The test showed significant difference in heavy metal concentrations between samples within and outside the auto mechanic cluster (p < 0.05), implying auto mechanic activities significantly impact heavy metal levels within the cluster compared to outside areas. The assessment of soil pollution utilized indices including the Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination factor (Cf), and anthropogenic metal concentration (QoC). Zinc, Cadmium, and Arsenic showed the highest contamination factors, indicating significant soil contamination likely due to anthropogenic activities. The concentrations of the metals analyzed were within WHO permissible limits while the metals concentrations were also observed to decrease as depth was increased. Using ArcGIS 10.2.2, spatial maps showing heavy metal distribution were developed, with the Kriging method proving superior. This study suggests that heavy metal levels in the soil at the area be monitored on a regular basis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

Duru,

Echiegu,

Anyadike

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Furthermore, Smith (2009) emphasizes the importance of understanding metal levels and sources in surface water, highlighting the need for regular monitoring and assessment to ensure water quality and mitigate risks. Lastly, Chris et al (2023) assessed heavy metal concentrations in surface water in the Opuroama creeks of the Niger Delta region, with lead exhibiting the highest concentration. The presence of heavy metals in surface water suggests potential ecological and human health risks associated with metal contamination.…”

Section: Heavy Metals In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…metals in the area. Okosa et al (2023) conducted a study to assess the ecological and health risks of heavy metals from waste sites in residential areas in Umuahia, Nigeria. They analyzed soil samples from two residential estates and found that the concentrations of heavy metals were higher in rural soils than in urban soils.…”

Section: Heavy Metals In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Heavy Metal Pollution in Nigeria: Evaluating Policies, Assessing Impacts, and Enhancing Remediation Strategies

Ogbeide,

Henry

2024

jasem

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Heavy metal pollution is a significant environmental concern in Nigeria, posing risks to ecological integrity and public health. This study aims to evaluate the existing policies and regulations addressing heavy metal pollution, assess their effectiveness, and propose recommendations for improvement. The analysis reveals that while Nigeria has established a robust legislative framework, challenges in implementation, enforcement, and funding persist. The impact of reducing heavy metal pollution is influenced by resource constraints, limited capacity, and the need for stronger collaboration between regulatory bodies and industries. Community involvement and education play a crucial role in managing heavy metal pollution, emphasizing the importance of awareness, sustainable practices, and local engagement. Remediation strategies, such as bioremediation and phytoremediation, offer potential solutions. However, gaps in knowledge and research exist, calling for long-term monitoring, ecological impact assessments, and comprehensive health risk assessments. To enhance the effectiveness of current policies, periodic reviews, increased funding, and community-based monitoring programs are recommended. By addressing these gaps and implementing the proposed recommendations, Nigeria can make significant strides towards mitigating heavy metal pollution and achieving environmental sustainability.

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“…The assessment of ecological security by international scholars mainly focuses on industrial mining and agricultural pollution [33], such as soil health [34] and agricultural production. Okosa et al analyzed the contents of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn) in the soils of urban and suburban landfills in Umuahia, Abia state, and assessed the human health hazards and ecological risks of heavy metals from waste sites in the residential vicinity [35]. San et al detected and quantified pesticide residues in the sediment of rural streams in the Pampas region and conducted acute and chronic risk assessment in these aquatic ecosystems [36].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Land Ecological Security Based on the Boston Model: A Case Study from China

Zhai

Xie

et al. 2023

Land

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Land resources are essential natural resources and strategic economic resources for human survival and development. However, human improper use has brought unprecedented pressure and challenges to the ecosystem. Therefore, the assessment and analysis of land ecological security status and the identification and diagnosis of obstacles affecting land ecological security are helpful to avoid land ecological security problems caused by improper land use at the source and provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable use of land resources and the construction of ecological civilization in China. Based on the data from 2006 to 2020, this study constructed the land ecological risk-evaluation index system and land ecological health-evaluation index system. AHP, entropy method, combination weighting method, TOPSIS model, Boston matrix and obstacle degree model were used to assess the land ecological security situation in Nanyang City and to analyze the obstacle factors. The results show the following: (1) during the study period, the land ecological risk value of Nanyang City exhibited a Kuznets inverted “U” curve change, while the land ecological health value showed a “U” curve change; (2) the overall level of land ecological security in Nanyang City has gradually improved, with a security level pattern of “relatively safe (2006–2020)–unsafe (2011–2016)–relatively safe (2017–2019)–safe (2020)”; (3) the main obstacle factors of land ecosystem were the following: erosion area, sewage discharge, area of waterlogging control, grain sown area, coverage of urban green built-up area and farmland effective irrigated area.

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Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals: a case study of residential waste sites in Umuahia, South-East Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

Addressing Heavy Metal Pollution in Nigeria: Evaluating Policies, Assessing Impacts, and Enhancing Remediation Strategies

Assessment of Land Ecological Security Based on the Boston Model: A Case Study from China

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