Ecological and Evolutionary Implications of Bird Pollination

Stiles, F. Gary

doi:10.1093/icb/18.4.715

Cited by 156 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Small, short-billed hummingbirds also defended the flowers. Besides nectar characteristics of E. speciosa, the massive flowering and the proximity of individuals in the studied population enhance the amount of nectar available in a limited space, favoring the establishment of feeding territories (STILES 1978, SAZIMA et al 1996.…”

Section: Assemblage Of Bird Visitors and Visitation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behavior of hummingbirds and perching birds on Erythrina speciosa Andrews (Fabaceae) flowers in an urban area, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

Mendonça¹,

Anjos

2006

Rev. Bras. Zool.

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ABSTRACT. Nine species of birds -seven hummingbirds (Trochilidae) and two Passeriformes -were observed visiting the flowers of Erythrina speciosa Andrews (Fabaceae), a hummingbird-pollinated species present on the campus of Londrina State University, Paraná State, Brazil. Nectar in bagged flowers bore little relationship with nectar in flowers opened to foragers either regarding quantity or diurnal pattern of availability. Birds were more frequent early in the morning and their activity on flowers further declined, apparently following the pattern of nectar availability. The manner to which birds probed the flowers and, in consequence, their role on pollination were greatly determined by morphological traits and approaching behavior of birds. E. speciosa seemed best suited for pollination by long-billed hummingbirds but some short to medium-billed species may play some role on its pollination.

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Section: Assemblage Of Bird Visitors and Visitation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behavior of hummingbirds and perching birds on Erythrina speciosa Andrews (Fabaceae) flowers in an urban area, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

Mendonça¹,

Anjos

2006

Rev. Bras. Zool.

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“…was statistically lower than by T. glaucopis and C. rubricauda; the former species were expelled from the feeders by the latter dominant species, therefore feeding less in the artificial patches. Dominant species limit the access of subordinate species to food sources (Stiles 1978, Roussau et al 2014) when defending a territory, but only if the energy gain is higher than the energy loss (Heinrich 1975). The artificial food patches created in this study, especially those with 35% sugar concentration, had enough energy to warrant the expression of territorial behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Three behavioral strategies can be adopted by hummingbirds when foraging: (A) dominance/territoriality, when an individual defends a territory containing food resources and excludes competitors from the resource (Feisinger 1976, Feisinger and Colwell 1978, Stiles 1978, Cotton 1998, and (B) intruder/ subordinance, when an individual forages in defended patches until it is expelled by the territorial hummingbird (Feisinger and Colwell 1978, Stiles 1978, Barbosa-Filho and Araújo 2013. A third strategy is known as trapline foraging (C), when an individual repeatedly visits a set of plants in routes through different patches, exploiting resources without displaying any territorial behavior (Feisinger and Colwell 1978, Rios et al 2010, Tello-Ramos et al 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behavior by hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) in artificial food patches in an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil

Lanna¹,

Azevedo²,

Claudino³

et al. 2017

Zoologia

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ABSTRACT. During flight, hummingbirds achieve the maximum aerobic metabolism rates within vertebrates. To meet such demands, these birds have to take in as much energy as possible, using strategies such as selecting the best food resources and adopting behaviors that allow the greatest energy gains. We tested whether hummingbirds choose sources that have higher sugar concentrations, and investigated their behaviors near and at food resources. The study was conducted at and T. glaucopis exhibited interspecific and intraspecific dominance; 2) the remaining species exhibited subordinance to the dominant hummingbirds, and 3) P. eurynome and Phaethornis spp. adopted a hide-and-wait strategy to the dominant hummingbird species. The frequency of aggressive behaviors was correlated with the time the hummingbird spent feeding, and bird size. Our results showed that hummingbirds can adopt different strategies to enhance food acquisition; that more aggressive species feeding more than less aggressive species; and that the birds, especially if they were dominant species, visited high quality food resources more often.

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“…Birds may, therefore, be important supplemental pollinators in environments where insects have low population densities, such as high-altitude ecosystems (Van der Pijl and Dodson 1966), isolated islands where insect colonization has been poor (Micheneau et al 2006), and dry environments (Stiles 1978). Nevertheless, compared with tropical and subtropical regions, where bird pollination is particularly common (Willmer 2011), cold, hyper-arid, and nutrient-poor environments have relatively few bird-pollinated plants (Cronk and Ojeda 2008).…”

Section: I��mentioning

confidence: 99%

El papel de aves no nectarívoras como polinizadoras de Anarthrophyllum desideratum en la estepa patagónica: una aproximación geográfica

et al. 2017

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A��.The endemic shrub Anarthrophyllum desideratum appears to be the only ornithophilous plant offering nectar as reward in the extensive Patagonian steppe. The identity of its floral visitor assemblage and to what extent this species depends on bird pollination for sexual reproduction is yet unknown. A. desideratum's vast distribution includes climatic gradients, which may promote geographical shifts in its floral visitors. The aims of this study were to determine the species dependence on pollinators to set fruits, to identify its floral visitor assemblages, to document possible geographical and environmental variation of these assemblages across the species range and to assess their temporal constancy. We conducted different pollination treatments in several populations to assess the species breeding system. Floral visitors were identified in 18 populations distributed along the entire species range and their visitation frequencies were quantified over three flowering periods. We found that the species is self-compatible and that floral visitors do not contribute to fruit set in two marginal populations. Fruit set of open pollinated plants significantly differed among populations, which suggests that the species dependence on pollinators varies among sites. Eight species of non-exclusively nectarivorous birds, mostly passerine, were observed visiting flowers arranged in different assemblages across the species range. Population differences in the proportion of visits by the two most abundant bird species remained constant over time. Geographical differences of bird assemblages were not spatially structured and were weakly associated with climate of the flowering period, suggesting that climatic gradients would not be important as drivers of the geographical variation in A. desideratum' floral visitors. Our results indicate that non-exclusively nectarivorous birds visit flowers of A. desideratum, revealing for first time the facultative nectarivory behaviour of these bird species in the Patagonian steppe. The potential role of such bird visitors as pollinators of A. desideratum appears to vary geographically.[Keywords: bird assemblage composition, breeding system, climatic factors, floral visitors, geographical structure, passerines, Phrygilus gayi, Zonotrichia capensis] R��. El papel de aves no nectarívoras como polinizadoras de Anarthrophyllum desideratum en la estepa patagónica: una aproximación geográfica. El arbusto endémico Anarthrophyllum desideratum parece ser la única planta ornitófila que ofrece néctar como recompensa en la extensa estepa patagónica. Aún se desconoce la identidad de su ensamble de visitantes florales y en qué medida esta especie depende de la polinización por aves para la reproducción sexual. La distribución amplia de A. desideratum incluye gradientes climáticos que pueden promover cambios geográficos en sus visitantes florales. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar la dependencia de esta especie de los polinizadores para la producción de frutos, identificar sus ens...

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Ecological and Evolutionary Implications of Bird Pollination

Cited by 156 publications

References 58 publications

Feeding behavior of hummingbirds and perching birds on Erythrina speciosa Andrews (Fabaceae) flowers in an urban area, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

Feeding behavior of hummingbirds and perching birds on Erythrina speciosa Andrews (Fabaceae) flowers in an urban area, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

Feeding behavior by hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) in artificial food patches in an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil

El papel de aves no nectarívoras como polinizadoras de Anarthrophyllum desideratum en la estepa patagónica: una aproximación geográfica

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