Ecological and Evolutionary Diversification Within the Genus &lt;I&gt;Carex&lt;/I&gt; (Cyperaceae): Consequences for Community Assembly in Subarctic Fens

Waterway, Marcia J.; Martins, Kyle T.; Dabros, Anna; Prado, Alberto; Lechowicz, Martin J.

doi:10.1600/036364416x692514

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…According to recent phylogenies, the Scirpeae and Caricae diverged some 40 million yr ago (Spalink et al ., ), probably from ancestors without DRs living in wetlands. Subgenera Vignea and Carex diverged some 20 million yr ago, followed by intense speciation in both clades (Spalink et al ., ; Waterway et al ., ). DRs probably emerged during the divergence of subgenus Carex , possibly related to the colonization of dry habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The conservation of DR presence or absence through a long history of taxonomic and ecological differentiation (Spalink et al ., ; Waterway et al ., ) indicates weak selection for or against DRs regardless of habitat. Selection against DRs would be expected if these structures were costly through faster respiration, greater exudation or more rapid turnover of tissues (Lambers et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Scirpus , Eriophorum and Trichophorum , belong to the tribe Scirpeae, for which no DRs have been reported (Shane et al ., ). Most European Scirpeae occur in wet or flooded, acidic habitats (Landolt, ; Waterway et al ., ). According to recent phylogenies, the Scirpeae and Caricae diverged some 40 million yr ago (Spalink et al ., ), probably from ancestors without DRs living in wetlands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Carex is taxonomically diverse and includes specialists of virtually every habitat (Waterway et al ., ; Spalink et al ., ). Recent phylogenies support the distinction of four main clades: subgenus Vignea , core Carex , the Caricoid clade and the East Asian section Siderostictae (Global Carex Group, ; Spalink et al ., ; Waterway et al ., ). The present work included species from the three European clades and from a wide range of habitats (Supporting Information Table S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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How functional is a trait? Phosphorus mobilization through root exudates differs little between Carex species with and without specialized dauciform roots

Güsewell

Schroth

2017

New Phytologist

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Root structures secreting carboxylates and phosphatases are thought to enhance a plant's phosphorus (P) acquisition. But do closely related species with and without such structures really differ in root exudation, P mobilization, or ecological niche? We investigated this by comparing 23 European Carex species with and without 'dauciform roots' (DRs). Plants grown in pots with sand were screened for DR formation, phosphatase activities, carboxylate exudation, and utilization of various organic and inorganic P compounds. Ecological niches were compared using ecological indicator values and nutrient concentrations of plant shoots in natural habitats. Species of subgenus Carex formed DRs, while species of subgenus Vignea did not. Species with DRs had higher root diesterase activity than species without DRs, exuded more citrate but less oxalate and less total carboxylates, and allocated less biomass to roots. Species with and without DRs showed similar growth responses to different forms of P and different amounts of P supplied; their natural habitats do not differ in soil fertility or degree of P limitation. Despite some differences in physiological function, DRs did not influence the P acquisition and nutritional niche of European Carex species, suggesting that species with and without DRs do not exhibit distinct P-acquisition strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How functional is a trait? Phosphorus mobilization through root exudates differs little between Carex species with and without specialized dauciform roots

Güsewell

Schroth

2017

New Phytologist

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“…S5J, S5K). Mat formation, comparable to the cushion growth form of many alpine and arctic plants (Billings, ), may be important for both for microclimate regulation (Cavieres et al, ) and for efficient nutrient capture in poor soils (Waterway et al, , ; Hoffmann et al, ). By comparison, our data indicate that the cespitose habit is the most common growth form in North American sedges and occurs in open or closed‐canopy habitats and in either wet or dry conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial structure of phylogenetic and functional diversity in the United States and Canada: An example using the sedge family (Cyperaceae)

Spalink

Pender

Hipp

et al. 2018

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Systematically quantifying diversity across landscapes is necessary to understand how clade history and ecological heterogeneity contribute to the origin, distribution, and maintenance of biodiversity. Here, we chart the spatial structure of diversity among all species in the sedge family (Cyperaceae) throughout the USA and Canada. We first identify areas of remarkable species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional trait diversity, and highlight regions of conservation priority. We then test predictions about the spatial structure of this diversity based on the historical biogeography of the family. Incorporating a phylogeny, over 400 000 herbarium records, and a database of functional traits mined from online floras, we find that species richness and functional trait diversity peak in the Northeastern USA, while phylogenetic diversity peaks along the Gulf of Mexico. Floristic turnover among assemblages increases significantly with distance, but phylogenetic turnover is twice as rapid along latitudinal gradients as along longitudinal gradients. These patterns reflect the expected distribution of Cyperaceae, which originated in the tropics but radiated in temperate regions. We identify assemblages with an abundance of rare, range‐restricted lineages, and assemblages composed of species generally lacking from diverse regions. We argue that both of these metrics are useful for developing targeted conservation strategies. We use the data generated here to establish future research priorities, including the testing of a series of hypotheses regarding the distribution of chromosome numbers, photosynthetic pathways, and resource partitioning in sedges.

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Species richness drives selection of individuals within wetlands based on traits related to acquisition and utilization of light

Deschamps

Proulx

Rheault

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Selection within natural communities has mainly been studied along large abiotic gradients, while the selection of individuals within populations should occur locally in response to biotic filters. To better leverage the role of the latter, we considered the hierarchal nature of environmental selection for the multiple dimensions of the trait space across biological levels, that is, from the species to the community and the ecosystem levels. We replicated a natural species richness gradient where communities included from two to 16 species within four wetlands (bog, fen, meadow, and marsh) contrasting in plant productivity. We sampled functional traits from individuals in each community and used hierarchical distributional modeling in order to analyze the independent variation of the mean and dispersion of functional trait space at ecosystem, community, and species levels. The plant productivity gradient observed between wetlands led to species turnover and selection of traits related to leaf nutrient conservation/acquisition strategy. Within wetlands, plant species richness drove trait variation across both communities and species. Among communities, variation of species richness correlated with the selection of individuals according to their use of vertical space and leaf adaptations to light conditions. Within species, intraspecific light-related trait variation in response to species richness was associated with stable population density for some species, while others reached low population density in more diverse communities. Within ecosystems, variation in biotic conditions selects individuals along functional dimensions that are independent of those selected across ecosystems. Within-species variations of light-related traits are related to demographic responses, linking biotic selection of individuals within communities to eco-evolutionary dynamics of species.

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Ecological and Evolutionary Diversification Within the Genus <I>Carex</I> (Cyperaceae): Consequences for Community Assembly in Subarctic Fens

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 14 publications

References 87 publications

How functional is a trait? Phosphorus mobilization through root exudates differs little between Carex species with and without specialized dauciform roots

How functional is a trait? Phosphorus mobilization through root exudates differs little between Carex species with and without specialized dauciform roots

The spatial structure of phylogenetic and functional diversity in the United States and Canada: An example using the sedge family (Cyperaceae)

Species richness drives selection of individuals within wetlands based on traits related to acquisition and utilization of light

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