Ecological and economic aspects of rational use and protection of land resources in Ukraine

Abstract

The current state of land use in Ukraine is characterized by high agricultural development and land cultivation. The predominant share in the total land stock of Ukraine is occupied by agricultural land (70.8% of the country's territory). Ukraine accounts for about 0.45% of the world land fund, while arable land occupies 2.4% of its world-wide area. According to resource-based indicators of land use Ukraine is also characterized by an extremely high level of development of living space and only about 8% of the territory can be attributed to anthropogenically unchanged. Ecological and economic aspects of land use include of rational land use, which characterizes the optimal involvement of all lands in economic circulation and their effective use for the main purpose, creation of favorable conditions for increasing productivity of agricultural land and obtaining from the unit of area the maximum amount of products at the lowest cost of labor and funds. The article substantiates that degradation of soils has its own characteristics, caused by various factors and processes. It is established that the practice of land use and the state of study of the above problems will require further study of the preconditions for the development of land degradation processes caused by the main factors: human economic activity and climatic and relief-ground conditions. The existing system of land protection in agriculture due to the influence of a number of natural and economic factors, as well as insufficient attention from the state does not ensure their rational use. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to an integrated system of protection of agricultural land.

Directions for improving of agricultural land use in Ukraine in conditions of global warming and consequences of the Russian’s military aggression

“…As for present time there are three main farming systems that are used by Ukrainian farms: traditional, organic and No-Till. Referring to many researchers we can make the conclusion that traditional farming system can not provide an ecological balance and security, and are dangerous for the environment by destruction of the soil structure and sequestration of a carbon in air [6,8,10,13].…”

“…The same time, humus content in soil is decreasing from 3,5 to 3,2 %. Ecological-economy losses from soil erosion are more than 9 billion UHR [6]. In the near future, if such trends continue, Ukrainian agricultural land can have a humus famine which will mean serious 1269 (2023) 012009 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1269/1/012009 2 ecological catastrophe and no agritechnical, environmental, organizational measures will be able to renovate the soil potential.…”