Ecological anatomy

A Preliminary Survey of Foliar Sclerenchyma in Neotropical Loranthaceae

“…if their course, as suggested above, follows intercellular mesophyll space in their early development, their differentiation would be placed late in leaf ontogeny, in agreement with relevant statements in Dickison (2000). We have not been able to discover any comparable sclerenchyma elements in the anatomical literature (Solereder, 1899;Metcalfe & Chalk, 1950) except possibly in Heisteria (Olacaceae) illustrated in Rao (1991, fig.…”

“…in several instances we have encountered sclerenchyma types which are not present in Rao's account, and we had little choice but to coin descriptive terms for those. it should be pointed out also that Rao's employment of the word 'sclereid' is substantially different from its use in such standard plant anatomy texts as Fahn (1967), Esau (1977), and Dickison (2000), where application of the term is grounded on its typically not much elongated shape. Rao's use of the term is not so much based on shape as the cell's lack of physical and/or ontogenetic separateness from procambial or mature vascular strands.…”

A Study onTribulus TerrestrisL. Anatomy and Ecological Adaptation

“…This arrangement maximizes the efficiency rate of photosynthesis by placing cells at the optimum angle to the incoming sun rays. isobilateral leaf structure is a response to receiving high levels of light (4). Between the epidermis and transverse section of leaf (X400): E-epidermis; pp-palisade parenchyma; Dr-druses; ShC-sheath cells; VB-vascular bundle; Hp-hypodermis; D. transverse section of root (X400): Ve-vessel elements; Xm-xylem; ph-phloem; prd-periderm; SC-sclerenchyma; E. transverse section of stem (X100): Xm-xylem; phphloem; SC-sclerenchyma; p-parenchyma; E-epidermis; F. transverse section of stem (X400): Xm-xylem; ph-phloem; SC-sclerenchyma; p-parenchyma; E-epidermis palisade parenchyma of both sides of the lamina is located a single layer of small, isodiametric parenchyma cells that are structurally distinct from the other mesophyll cells and form a subdermal hypodermis.…”

Leaf dimorphism of <i>Microgramma squamulosa</i> (Polypodiaceae): a qualitative and quantitative analysis focusing on adaptations to epiphytism

“…In the present study, xeromorphic characteristics of M. squamulosa such as the occurrence of stomata on the abaxial face were evidenced. According to Dickison (2000), hypostomatous leaves lose less water than plants that have stomata on the adaxial face because this face of the epidermis is directly exposed to sunlight, which significantly increases the temperature and elevates the level of transpiration. Furthermore, the distribution of stomata is related with the thickness of the leaf, i.e.…”