Ecologia De Ictioplâncton: Uma Abordagem Cienciométrica

Abstract

A história inicial de vida dos peixes envolve múltiplos processos e estratégias para garantir a sobrevivência e seu estudo fornece importantes informações sobre o estado de conservação das espécies e dos estoques pesqueiros. Neste estudo foi utilizada uma abordagem cienciométrica para investigar o panorama atual da ecologia do ictioplâncton e avaliar a produção científica global, no período de 1990 a 2015, indexada na base Web of Knowledge, com considerações sobre a posição do Brasil no cenário mundial. Os dados investigados foram referentes ao país de origem, aos tipos de ambiente amostrados (marinho ou água doce) e aos tipos de estudos desenvolvidos (experimental, descritivo, modelagem ou preditivo). Também foram investigadas as denominações atribuídas ao ictioplâncton (larva, juvenil, young of the year, etc.) nos títulos e resumos dos artigos. Foram encontrados 1104 artigos publicados por autores de 66 países, cuja maior parte foi classificada como descritiva e relacionada a ambientes marinhos. O Brasil foi o quarto país mais produtivo, depois dos EUA, Austrália e Canadá. A Suíça se destacou pela publicação de estudos experimentais e a Noruega por desenvolver estudos de modelagem. Os estudos preditivos advieram, principalmente, do Canadá, Austrália e Alemanha. Os temas mais frequentes, em nível global, foram "distribuição" e "estrutura das assembleias", seguidos de alguns classicamente voltados para ecologia e monitoramento dos recursos pesqueiros, como "locais de desova" e "recrutamento". Outros tópicos de ecologia, como "competição", "predação", "impactos antropogênicos" e "invasões biológicas" ficaram entre os menos estudados. Os resultados permitem sugerir desafios para o futuro dessa ciência no mundo: desenvolver trabalhos ecologicamente mais abrangentes, de maneira a testar hipóteses e responder a perguntas que vislumbram problemáticas atuais, amplamente discutidas em outras áreas, e.g. as influências de mudanças globais, ainda pouco abordadas por ictioplanctólogos. No Brasil, as pesquisas poderiam visar o conhecimento acerca dos milhares de espécies de peixes, sobre os quais pouco se sabe a respeito dos requerimentos ambientais durante as fases iniciais de vida, porém sem perder o foco nas questões ecológicas de interesse global. Palavras-chave: coortes jovens; fase larval ; história inicial de vida; ovos e larvas; zooplankton. ABSTRACT-ECOLOGY OF ICHTHYOPLANKTON: A SCIENTOMETRIC APPROACH The early life history of fish involves multiple processes and strategies to ensure the survival, and the knowledge on this field provides important information about the conservation of species and fish stocks. We used a scientometric approach to investigate the current situation of ichthyoplankton ecology and to assess the overall scientific production indexed in the Web of Knowledge databank from 1990 to 2015. We additionally analyzed Brazil's position on the world ranking. The information collected covered the country where the study was developed, the different sampled environments (marine or freshwater), and the ...

Structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in streams of a sub-basin in the Pampa Biome, Southern Brazil

“…Studies in neotropical aquatic environments are mostly focused on areas affected by urbanism, mainly because these studies seek to investigate the themes of environmental degradation and public health through disease vectors, or because those environments are often located near the research institution (Cruz et al 2016). In contrast, few studies have been carried out in more preserved environmental conditions, or environments that are influenced by other human activities, such as agriculture and livestock (Petesse and Petrere 2012).…”

Larval fish collected from sound‐scattering layers in an offshore tropical area

“…Although fishes are very abundant in the DSL, few studies focusing on early life stages of this group have used acoustic techniques (Miyashita, ; Bonanno et al ., ; García‐Seoane et al ., ). Research on ichthyoplankton is important because it improves understanding of many aspects of the adult population, such as the ecology and evolution of a population, biomass of economically important species, evaluation of fisheries resources, and determination of spawning areas, among others (Moser & Smith, ; Cruz et al ., ). Numerous ichthyoplanktonic studies have been carried out in Brazil, but most have focused on freshwater ecosystems or nearshore marine environments along the coast (Cruz et al ., ), with only a comparatively small amount of research carried out in deeper oceanic waters, primarily due to the logistical challenges associated with such work.…”

“…Research on ichthyoplankton is important because it improves understanding of many aspects of the adult population, such as the ecology and evolution of a population, biomass of economically important species, evaluation of fisheries resources, and determination of spawning areas, among others (Moser & Smith, ; Cruz et al ., ). Numerous ichthyoplanktonic studies have been carried out in Brazil, but most have focused on freshwater ecosystems or nearshore marine environments along the coast (Cruz et al ., ), with only a comparatively small amount of research carried out in deeper oceanic waters, primarily due to the logistical challenges associated with such work. In addition, most studies in Brazilian oceanic waters are available only as technical reports and were developed to monitor industrial activities.…”

Ichthyoplankton studies as referential for the management and monitoring of fishery resources in the Brazilian Amazon basin

“…Knowledge of the initial phase of the fish life cycle, in addition to clarifying fundamental aspects of life history, also provides important information on reproductive periods, spawning grounds, nurseries, and growth, as well as understanding fluctuations in population dynamics. Furthermore, it allows to estimate migratory routes, the potential for renewal (successful recruitment), to evaluate the conservation status of the species and to assist the maintenance of fishery stocks (Nakatani et al, 2001;Cruz et al, 2016), which can be used to guide management and conservation efforts.…”

“…But specialized literature is often scattered in isolated and/or restricted access publications. In addition, the scattered and incomplete nature of the descriptions has imposed limitations and influenced negatively the development of ichthyoplankton studies (Nakatani et al, 2001;Cruz et al, 2016;Zacardi & Bittencourt, 2017), hampering fisheries management and successful conservation strategies (Maggia et al, 2017).…”