Ecologia alimentar do cuxiu-de-nariz-vermelho Chiropotes albinasus (Primates : Pitheciidae) na Floresta Nacional do Tapajos, Para

Pinto, Liliam Patrícia

doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2008.421101

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As noted above, infesting insects may occur in both the pulp or seeds of fruit. In the current study, 17 of the 37 species of fruits recorded in the diet had pulpy pericarp (45.9%: a value close to that recorded by Pinto (2008) in the same region, 43.6%). Of these, eight had records of infestation in both the pericarp and seeds, while in nine only the seeds were infested (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In such fruits, the husk, in addition to a low water content, is often rich in tannins and highly sclerified or fibrous (Cunha Junior et al, 2020; van Roosmalen, 1985), which may account for low frequency of their infestation by insects, compared to pulp or seeds (AA Barnett, unpublished data). However, pulpy fruits accounted for nearly half the species eaten (51 of the 117 species reported for the C. albinasus diet by Pinto, 2008). Consequently, both seeds and pulp (if present) were checked for the presence of resident infesting insects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants were identified to lowest possible taxonomic category using Gentry (1993), Ribeiro et al (1999), van Roosmalen (1985), Neotropical Flora volumes (e.g., Mori & Prance, 1990), specialist literature (e.g., Procópio & Secco, 2008 for Couratari ), and Harris and Harris (2001) and Jackson (2004) for botanical terminology. Identifications were confirmed using species lists in Pinto (2008: terra firme ), Ferreira & Prance (1998: igapó ), and comparison of photographs of fruits, seeds, leaves, flowers (when available), bark, whole tree (when possible) with on‐line herbarium resources: Neotropical Herbarium Specimens, New York Botanic Garden, Tropicos, and Flore de Guyane (https://www.fieldmuseum.org/node/4781; http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/; https://www.tropicos.org/home, https://floredeguyane.piwigo.com, respectively).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These seeds may be contained within fruits with either dry or pulpy husks (pericarp/mesocarp). Fruits of 117 plant species were reported by Pinto (2008) as being eaten by C. albinasus , of these 66 (52.8%) were dry‐husked, the remainder having pulp. Whether possessing pulp or not, most fruit species are used for their seeds (53% and 75% of diet for the two sites reported on by Pinto et al, 2018), with the seeds eaten when unripe (e.g., 48 and 65%, respectively: Pinto et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beans with bugs: Covert carnivory and infested seed selection by the red‐nosed cuxiú monkey

et al. 2023

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Members of the Neotropical primate genus Chiropotes eat large volumes of immature seeds. However, such items are often low in available proteins, and digestion of seeds is further inhibited by tannins. This suggests that overall plant‐derived protein intake is relatively low. We examined the presence of insect larvae in partially eaten fruits, compared with intact fruit on trees, and examined fecal pellets for the presence of larvae. We found that red‐nosed cuxiú (Chiropotes albinasus) individuals may supplement their limited seed‐derived protein intake by ingesting seed‐inhabiting insects. Comparison of fruits partially eaten for their seeds with those sampled directly from trees showed that fruits with insect‐containing seeds were positively selected in 20 of the 41 C. albinasus diet items tested, suggesting that fruits with infested seeds are actively selected by foraging animals. We found no differences in accessibility to seeds, that is, no differences in husk penetrability between fruits with infested and uninfested seeds excluding the likelihood that insect‐infestation results in easier access to the seeds in such fruits. Additionally, none of the C. albinasus fecal samples showed any evidence of living pupae or larvae, indicating that infesting larvae are digested. Our findings raise the possibility that these seed‐predating primates might provide net benefits to the plant species they feed on, since they feed from many species of plants and their actions may reduce the populations of seed‐infesting insects. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beans with bugs: Covert carnivory and infested seed selection by the red‐nosed cuxiú monkey

et al. 2023

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Crying Tapir: The Functionality of Errors and Accuracy in Predator Recognition in Two Neotropical High-Canopy Primates

Mourthé¹,

Barnett²

2015

IJFP

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Predation is often considered to be a prime driver in primate evolution, but, as predation is rarely observed in nature, little is known of primate antipredator responses. Time-limited primates should be highly discerning when responding to predators, since time spent in vigilance and avoidance behaviour may supplant other activities. We present data from two independent studies describing and quantifying the frequency, nature and duration of predator-linked behaviours in 2 high-canopy primates, Ateles belzebuth and Cacajao ouakary. We introduce the concept of ‘pseudopredators' (harmless species whose appearance is sufficiently similar to that of predators to elicit antipredator responses) and predict that changes in behaviour should increase with risk posed by a perceived predator. We studied primate group encounters with non-primate vertebrates across 14 (Ateles) and 19 (Cacajao) months in 2 undisturbed Amazonian forests. Although preliminary, data on both primates revealed that they distinguished the potential predation capacities of other species, as predicted. They appeared to differentiate predators from non-predators and distinguished when potential predators were not an immediate threat, although they reacted erroneously to pseudopredators, on average in about 20% of the responses given toward other vertebrates. Reacting to pseudopredators would be interesting since, in predation, one error can be fatal to the prey.

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Bearded saki socioecology: affiliative male–male interactions in large, free-ranging primate groups in Suriname

Gregory

Norconk

2014

Behav

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Bearded sakis (Chiropotes spp.) are among the least known primates in the world, particularly with regard to their social organization. However, extremely large and variable group size and growing evidence for affiliative relationships among males, make them a fascinating subject for studies of male–male tolerance and the evolution of large groups. During a 13-month study of free ranging Guianan bearded sakis (Chiropotes sagulatus) in continuous forest in Suriname, we documented variation in group size seasonally and social behaviour, particularly among males. We found that group size was smaller and more variable in the long dry season than the short wet season, perhaps in response to changes in resource availability. We found clear evidence of affiliative male–male relationships, with males being more social than females (89.2% of events involved one male versus 15.6% that involved one female) and typically socializing with other males (68.7% of events involved 2 or more males). We also found no evidence of hierarchical relationships between males (complete absence of agonistic interactions), and we documented unique male-affiliative behaviours and temporary all-male subgroups for the first time. To investigate potential explanations of male tolerance, we compared bearded saki social patterns to other multi-male group living primates (Ateline and Pan spp.). We found similarities with Brachyteles that suggest high intergroup mating competition and scramble competition for mates within groups.

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Ecologia alimentar do cuxiu-de-nariz-vermelho Chiropotes albinasus (Primates : Pitheciidae) na Floresta Nacional do Tapajos, Para

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Beans with bugs: Covert carnivory and infested seed selection by the red‐nosed cuxiú monkey

Beans with bugs: Covert carnivory and infested seed selection by the red‐nosed cuxiú monkey

Crying Tapir: The Functionality of Errors and Accuracy in Predator Recognition in Two Neotropical High-Canopy Primates

Bearded saki socioecology: affiliative male–male interactions in large, free-ranging primate groups in Suriname

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