Ecohealth System Dynamic Model as a Planning Tool for the Reduction of Breeding Sites

Abstract

Abstract.Dengue is still one of major health problem in Indonesia. Dengue transmission is influenced by dengue prevention and eradication program, community participation, housing environment and climate. The complexity of the disease coupled with limited resources necessitates different approach for prevention methods that include factors contribute to the transmission. One way to prevent the dengue transmission is by reducing the mosquito's breeding sites. Four factors suspected to influence breeding sites are dengue prevention and eradication program, community participation, housing environment, and weather condition. In order to have an effective program in reducing the breeding site it is needed to have a model which can predict existence of the breeding sites while the four factors under study are controlled. The objective of this study is to develop an Ecohealth model using system dynamic as a planning tool for the reduction of breeding sites to prevent dengue transmission with regard to dengue prevention and eradication program, community participation, housing environment, and weather condition. The methodology is a mixed method study using sequential exploratory design. The study comprised of 3 stages: first a qualitative study to 14 respondents using in-depth interview and 6 respondents for focus group discussion. The results from the first stage was used to develop entomology and household survey questionnaires for second stage conducted in 2036 households across 12 sub districts in Bandung City. Ecohealth system dynamic model was developed using data from first and second stages. Analyses used are thematic analysis for qualitative data; spatial, generalized estimating equation (GEE) and structural equation modeling for quantitative data; also average mean error (AME) and average variance error (AVE) for dynamic system model validation. System dynamic model showed that the most effective approach to eliminate breeding places was by ensuring the availability of basic sanitation for all houses. Weather factors such as precipitation can be compensated with the eradication of breeding sites activities which is conducted as scheduled and at the same time for the whole areas. Conclusion of this study is that dengue prevention and eradication program, community participation, and housing environment contributed to breeding places elimination influenced the existence of the breeding sites. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd basic sanitation and breeding places eradication program done timely and collectively are the most effective approach to eradicate breeding sites. Ecohealth dynamic system model can be used as a tool for the planning of breeding sites eradication program to prevent disease transmissions at city level.

Model Program Demam Berdarah Dengue. Peran Serta Masyarakat, serta Sanitasi Dasar di Kota Bandung

“…3,4 Sampai saat ini belum ada obat atau vaksin yang efektif telah membatasi pilihan untuk melakukan pencegahan dan juga pengobatan untuk penyakit ini. 5,6 Program yang selama ini dilakukan, yaitu memperbaiki manajemen kasus untuk mencegah kematian dan vektor kontrol untuk membatasi transmisi virus. Program ini memerlukan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemeliharaan lingkungan rumah dan sekitar pemukiman mereka.…”

“…Gerakan 3M ini pada tahun 2000 dikembangkan menjadi 3M Plus dengan tambahan penggunaan larvasida, memelihara ikan, dan mencegah gigitan nyamuk. 5 Keberlangsungan program menjadi masalah utama dalam vektor kontrol terutama karena situasi yang sangat beragam. Rekomendasi dari beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa strategi vektor kontrol harus diintegrasikan dengan peran serta masyarakat yang kuat dan kerja sama lintas sektor.…”

“…7 Suatu penelitian lain di Indonesia mendapatkan bahwa persepsi seseorang terhadap nyamuk yang dianggap sebagai pengganggu dan bukan penyebab penyakit memengaruhi keterlibatan dalam aktivitas PSN-DBD. 5,16 Program demam berdarah sampai saat ini masih menjadi program yang berasal dari pemerintah sehingga masyarakat menyerahkan tanggung jawab program ini sebagian besar atau seluruhnya kepada pemerintah dan tidak menyadari pentingnya peran mereka sebagai sebuah komunitas dalam program ini. Aktivitas masyarakat dalam pencegahan diharapkan berlangsung secara terus menerus, akan tetapi keadaan ini sulit dilaksanakan selama program tersebut masih dianggap sebagai program pemerintah.…”

Prediction of Dengue Cases in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

“…Especially in developing countries, the development related activities, particularly with regard to water storage, increase the mosquito habitats and the risk of disease [5][8] [9]. Identifying the cause of a disease is a major factor in its control [10]. There are multifactor effects that are highly dynamic and change over time.…”

Spatial Distribution of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Urban Setting of Bandung City

“…This factor is very important especially in the area very conducive for vector and dengue virus development such as slum and dense area. 16 At the population level, people who came to infectious areas and gain exposure to the infections and dengue transmission will develop specific transmission pattern. In Bandung city, this is translated to the pattern of people movement from their houses to their neighbor's, friends and other relatives.…”