Ecofriendly stability-indicating UHPLC-PDA method for determination of the new influenza antiviral prodrug Baloxavir Marboxil; application to degradation kinetic studies and structure elucidation of the major degradation products using LC-MS

Determination of baloxavir marboxil in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human plasma using its quenching action on acetoxymercuric fluorescein reagent: Assessment of greenness and whiteness

“…The proposed spectroflouremetric method's greenness and whiteness profiles were carefully compared and graded with those of the previously published HPLC-PDA [ 11 ], UHPLC-PDA [ 14 ], HPLC-MS [ 13 ], and LC-MS/MS [ 15 ].…”

“…The AGREE pictograms presented in Table 5 compare the performance of the developed spectrofluorimetric approach with the other four reported approaches. Where the AGREE scores for the five evaluated methods were found to be 0.60 for the developed spectrofluorimetric approach, 0.59 for the HPLC-PDA [ 11 ] and UPLC-PDA approaches [ 14 ], 0.56 for the HPLC-MS approach [ 13 ], and 0.54 for the LC-MS/MS approach [ 15 ].…”

“…For the environmental characteristics (green zone), the suggested spectrofluorimetric method was shown to be the most environmentally friendly as it had the highest score (95 %) with the least waste production and energy usage, followed by the reported HPLC-PDA (92.9 %) [ 11 ], LC-MS/MS (89.6 %) [ 15 ], UHPLC-PDA (87.1 %) [ 14 ], and HPLC-MS (80.4 %) [ 13 ], which was found to be the least environmentally friendly. Both animals and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) were not used in any of the study protocols.…”

“…For the sustainability and productivity (blue zone), the developed spectrofluorimetric method had the highest score (88.8 %) since it was the most cost-effective, time-efficient, and simple to use. Both the reported HPLC-PDA [ 11 ] and UHPLC-PDA [ 14 ] methods came in second with a lower score (82.1 %) as they were more sophisticated to manipulate and required more time than the developed method. The reported LC-MS/MS [ 15 ] and HPLC-MS [ 13 ] methods came in third (79.6 %) and fourth (78.3 %), respectively, which can be attributed to the larger amount of solvents and reagents used during analysis, the need for skilled operators and the longer time required for analysis.…”

“…Literature review revealed that only a few chromatographic approaches have been developed for BXM analysis, including RP-HPLC [ 11 , 12 ], HPLC-MS [ [12] , [13] , [14] ], and LC-MS/MS [ 15 ]. As far as we know, no spectrophotometric or spectrofluorometric approaches were reported for BXM analysis.…”