Eco-green biodiesel production from domestic waste cooking oil by transesterification using LiOH into basic catalysts mixtures

Abstract

Eco-green biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced by a sustainable methodology and using renewable sources as feedstock due to its green nature and lower emission of pollutants in comparison with conventional fuels. In this work, biodiesels were produced using an innovative source of catalysts, a mixture of metal hydroxides: lithium-sodium (LiOH + NaOH) or lithium-potassium (LiOH + KOH) due to the considerable increase in the consumption and disposal of Li-ion battery wastes (electronic residues) in recent years. Waste cooking oil samples from fast food chains and households were used as an oily raw feedstock without any prior treatment to produce eco-green biodiesel by a transesterification reaction at room temperature. The recycling process not only removes Li-ion battery wastes and oily contaminants from the environment but also enables the generation of a green power source. The presence of lithium as a catalyst for producing eco-green biodiesel was investigated in order to verify previously the possibility of using lithium recovered from waste Li-ion batteries present in electronic devices in general. As a result, nicely followed by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, the biodiesel mean yield of 90% using 5 wt. % LiOH with 95 wt. % NaOH or KOH catalysts was obtained and considered to be relatively high considering the high resolution of this technique. Gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, density, and viscosity were the techniques performed to analyze the chemical structure and physical properties of the biodiesel (methyl esters) produced samples in the presence of a lithium catalyst.

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

“…73,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] Considering the socio-economic limitations of using edible oilseeds and crops as feedstock, there has been a lot of research lately on producing liquid biofuels from alternative feedstocks. 111,112 The growing worldwide food demand brought on by population growth has also sparked scientific interest in using alternative feedstocks rather than edible sources to produce liquid biofuel. Globally, exploration and identification of different agricultural wastes and non-edible oilseed plants as prospective feedstocks for the production of liquid biofuels have increased because of a renewed focus on finding feedstock alternatives to edible oilseed plants.…”

“…Competition for arable land for biofuels against food production became the center of concerns surrounding issues such as loss of diversity, loss of soil resources, future food shortages, and price instability 73,103–110 . Considering the socio‐economic limitations of using edible oilseeds and crops as feedstock, there has been a lot of research lately on producing liquid biofuels from alternative feedstocks 111,112 . The growing worldwide food demand brought on by population growth has also sparked scientific interest in using alternative feedstocks rather than edible sources to produce liquid biofuel.…”

Application of biosynthesized nano-catalyst for biodiesel synthesis and impact assessment of factors influencing the yield

“…4. The most intense peak at 1755.96 cm −1 was assigned to CO stretching in esters [29,30]. The absorption bands corresponding to the asymmetric bending of methyl groups of esters in the biodiesel were observed at 1639.41 cm −1 while that for stretching vibrations of methoxy groups were observed at 1239.85 cm −1 [31,32].…”

Ultrasound-assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel utilizing banana peel derived heterogeneous catalyst

“…It is imperative to seek out a different non-fossil fuel-based energy system that is ecologically sound, inexpensive, stable, regenerative and emits little amount of pollutants. Biodiesel reduces pollutant emissions because it is cleaner than traditional petroleum derivatives concerning unburnt hydrocarbons (68%), particulate materials (40%), carbon monoxide (44%), sulfur oxide (100%), and polycyclic sweet-smelling hydrocarbons (80-90%) [2]. In the current justification, the biofuel market will increase by 41 billion litres from 2020 to 186 billion litres by 2026, growing at an average rate of 4% per year over the forecast timeline.…”