Eco‐geographic adaptations in the human ribcage throughout a 3D geometric morphometric approach

García‐Martínez, Daniel; Nalla, Shahed; Ferreira, Maria Teresa; Guichón, Ricardo Aníbal; Campo, Manuel Domingo D'Angelo del; Bastir, Markus

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23433

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The long clavicle of G. b. beringei may also be related to climate, since wide trunks are associated with colder climates among humans (Franciscus & Churchill, 2002; Garcia‐Martinez et al, 2018; Roberts, 1978; Ruff, 1994). Although bi‐iliac (maximum pelvic) breadth was not evaluated in the present study, it was included in another study of 25 gorilla specimens, about half of which overlapped with those in the present study (Boyle, 2019 and Boyle, pers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body proportions and environmental adaptation in gorillas

Ruff

Junno

Burgess

et al. 2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: Limb length and trunk proportions are determined in a large, taxonomically and environmentally diverse sample of gorillas and related to variation in locomotion, climate, altitude, and diet. Materials and methods:The sample includes 299 gorilla skeletons, 115 of which are infants and juveniles, distributed between western lowland (G. gorilla gorilla), low and high elevation grauer (G. beringei graueri), and Virunga mountain gorillas (G. b. beringei). Limb bone and vertebral column lengths scaled to body mass are compared between subgroups by age group.Results: All G. beringei have relatively short 3rd metapodials and manual proximal phalanges compared to G. gorilla, and this difference is apparent in infancy. All G. beringei also have shortened total limb lengths relative to either body mass or vertebral column length, although patterns of variation in individual skeletal elements are more complex, and infants do not display the same patterns as adults. Mountain gorillas have relatively long clavicles, present in infancy, and a relatively long thoracic (but not lumbosacral) vertebral column.Discussion: A variety of environmental factors likely contributed to observed patterns of morphological variation among extant gorillas. We interpret the short hand and foot bones of all G. beringei as genetic adaptations to greater terrestriality in the last common ancestor of G. beringei; variation in other limb lengths to climatic adaptation, both genetic and developmental; and the larger thorax of G. b. beringei to adaptation to reduced oxygen pressure at high altitudes, again as a product of both genetic differences and environmental influences during development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The long clavicle of G. b. beringei may also be related to climate, since wide trunks are associated with colder climates among humans (Franciscus & Churchill, 2002;Garcia-Martinez et al, 2018;Roberts, 1978;Ruff, 1994). Although bi-iliac (maximum pelvic)…”

Section: Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Body proportions and environmental adaptation in gorillas

Ruff

Junno

Burgess

et al. 2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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“…Previous researches have shown that Eskimo/Inuit axial skeletons have several characteristics that may be linked to morphological traits, adaptive to the Arctic environmental conditions. These are persistent tendencies towards caudal shift in spine patterning in Asian and North American samples (Karapetian & Makarov, 2019; Merbs, 1974; Stewart, 1932); ribs showing less curvature and torsions in Greenland Inuit (García‐Martínez et al, 2018) and large, barrel‐shaped rib cage in Asian Eskimo (Klevtsova & Smirnova, 1974). It is plausible that there are other characteristics not explored previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumbar spondylolysis in ancient Siberian Eskimo

Karapetian

2020

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Previous studies have shown that North American and Greenland Arctic groups are characterized by high incidence of spondylolysis. The hypotheses explaining the high predilection to spondylolysis in these populations range from genetic predisposition to lifestyle characteristics. To date, however, no study assessed the presence of spondylolysis in the Siberian Eskimo. Thus, the current study presents new data from the Asian side of the Beringia, the original homeland of the North American and Greenland Inuit groups. The skeletal material originates from the Ekven burial site in Chukchi Peninsula, Russia. Most burials belong to the Old Bering Sea tradition of marine mammal hunters, embracing the period from the beginning of the 1st to the beginning of the 2nd millennium AD. Totally, 71 individuals were studied. Spondylolysis was present in 38% of individuals and in 11% of studied lumbar vertebrae, with higher incidence in juveniles and young adults compared with other ages and in males compared with females. There was an evident increase in the severity of the stress fractures from adolescence to middle adulthood (i.e., more vertebrae affected per individual and higher proportion of bilateral fractures). The reported incidence of spondylolysis in the Ekven is in the range of the values reported for the North American and Greenland Inuit groups and is expectedly high against the values for groups of European and African ancestry. Although the accumulation of gene variants responsible for spondylolysis in Arctic groups is possible, it is more plausible that some adaptive morphological characteristics make them prone to fatigue fractures of the lower spine in the conditions of the specific physical activity.

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“…Such patterns have since been intensely studied and debated (Geist, 1987; Meiri & Dayan, 2003; Symonds & Tattersall, 2010) across a wide range of taxa that includes birds (Fan et al, 2019; Yom‐Tov et al, 2006) and a variety of mammals (Alhajeri & Steppan, 2016; Gohli & Voje, 2016; Yom‐Tob & Nix, 2008). Modern human body proportions have been found to align with Bergmann's and Allen's rules, with populations in colder climates associated with wider bi‐iliac breadths, larger cranial and ribcage sizes, smaller statures, and greater body masses relative to those closer to the equator (Foster & Collard, 2013; García‐Martínez et al, 2018; Ruff, 1994). Conversely, Neanderthal remains effectively highlight many characteristics that are believed to be cold‐adapted in the postcrania, including relatively short limbs and distal limb segments (crural/brachial indexes), as well as large diaphyses and articular surfaces (Buck et al, 2018; Holliday, 1997; Pearson, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coming to the Caribbean—acclimation of Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at Cayo Santiago

Francis

Qian

2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives To investigate whether the Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico (Latitude: 18.1564°N; temperature range 19°C to 32°C) rhesus macaque population has acclimated to their tropical island conditions since arriving from Lucknow, India (Latitude: 26.8470°N; temperature range 8°C to 41°C) in 1938. Materials and Methods Using the derived skeletal collection, measurements were taken of long bone lengths, diaphyseal circumference, and body weight using 635 (237 males and 398 females) skeletally mature individuals. Measurements sampled colony members born over a 51‐year time span at Cayo Santiago, from 1951 to 2002. Results Results demonstrated that body weights and diaphyseal circumferences significantly declined in both males and females. Long bone lengths relative to body weight and diaphyseal circumference also increased in females. Whereas body weight, long bone length and diaphyseal circumference declined at near parallel rates in males. Discussion The population has acclimated to homogenous, tropical, conditions of the Caribbean island since their arrival over 80 years ago. Trends in both sexes aligned with Bergmann's rule, though females displayed a greater decline in body weight, as well as greater affinity with Allen's rule, than did males. Buffering effects related to male competition may be responsible for this discrepancy. Overall, the Cayo Santiago populations, as shown over a significant period (1951–2002) of their history, have acclimated to their island conditions by decreasing in size and altering body proportions.

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Eco‐geographic adaptations in the human ribcage throughout a 3D geometric morphometric approach

Cited by 17 publications

References 71 publications

Body proportions and environmental adaptation in gorillas

Body proportions and environmental adaptation in gorillas

Lumbar spondylolysis in ancient Siberian Eskimo

Coming to the Caribbean—acclimation of Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at Cayo Santiago

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