Eco-friendly synthesis of valuable fuel bio-additives from glycerol

Akinnawo, Christianah Aarinola; Mosia, Lebohang; Alimi, Oyekunle Azeez; Oseghale, Charles O.; Fapojuwo, Dele Peter; Bingwa, Ndzondelelo; Meijboom, Reinout

doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2021.106287

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Glycerol acetalization with citral was carried out over a mesoporous zirconia catalyst. This material was also utilized in the glycerol acetalization with furfural and cinnamaldehyde [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetalization of Glycerol with Citral over Heteropolyacids Immobilized on KIT-6

Castanheiro

2022

Catalysts

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Glycerol acetalization with citral was studied using a heteropolyacid (tungstophosphoric acid) supported on KIT-6, as a catalyst, at 100 °C. Different catalysts were synthesized. Catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total refletion-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and potentiometric titrations. At a fixed time, the glycerol conversion increased with the H3PW12O40 (PW) on KIT-6. PW4-KIT-6 material had a higher conversion than other catalysts. The optimization of glycerol’s acetalization with citral was studied under the PW4-KIT-6 catalyst. After 5 h, it was found that, at T = 100 °C, with m = 0.3 g of solid, molar glycerol:citral = 1:2.25, the conversion of glycerol was 89%. Moreover, the PW4-KTI-6 catalyst showed good catalytic stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetalization of Glycerol with Citral over Heteropolyacids Immobilized on KIT-6

Castanheiro

2022

Catalysts

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“…Furaldehyde is highly sensitive to polymerization under the conditions typically encountered in acetal formation, that is, highly acidic environments, high temperatures, and extended reaction times. , Furthermore, acetalization protocols generally require a method of removing the water generated in the course of the acetalization reaction to shift the equilibrium in favor of the acetal product and, in the case of water-sensitive catalysts, to avoid catalyst degradation. This is achieved either by a number of methods such as the inclusion of a sacrificial dehydrating agent or by physical removal of the water, for example, by aspiration with a stream of gas or the use of a Dean–Stark apparatus. − While effective, these approaches are inefficient both in terms of energy requirements necessitating high temperatures, which also contribute to furaldehyde degradation and impact negatively on overall atom efficiency. In addition, the direct acetalization of glycerol with carbonyl compounds can be limited by the poor solubility of reagents in glycerol, which leads to mass transfer issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Biomass-Derived Furfuryl Acetals by Transacetalization Reactions Catalyzed by Nanoporous Aluminosilicates

Bailey

Bere

Davies

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Nanoporous aluminosilicate materials efficiently catalyze the formation of furaldehyde dimethyl acetal directly from methanol in high yields and in short reaction times. The facile nature of this reaction has led to the development of a telescoped protocol in which the acyclic acetal is produced in situ and subsequently functions as a substrate for a transacetalization reaction with glycerol to produce the corresponding dioxane and dioxolane products, which are potentially useful biofuel additives. These products are generated in high yield without the requirement for high reaction temperatures of prolonged reaction times, and the aluminosilicate catalysts are operationally simple to produce, are effective with either purified furaldehyde or crude furaldehyde, and are fully recyclable.

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“…Two potential candidates are the heterocyclic acetals 1,3-dioxane (C 4 H 8 O 2 , Figure a) and 1,3-dioxolane (C 3 H 6 O 2 , Figure b). 1,3-Dioxane has a research octane number (RON) of 72.8 , and can be produced from the drastic surplus of glycerol from biodiesel production via a green and economic process. , 1,3-Dioxolane has a RON of 78.2 , and can be synthesized by a novel, carbon-neutral production route via the reactants ethylene glycol from biomass, CO 2 , H 2 , and a catalyst . On the application side, it is important to investigate and understand the combustion chemistry and pollutant formation to support simulation-driven advanced engine design and facilitate their use in advanced engine concepts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on the Combustion Chemistry of Two Bio-hybrid Fuels: 1,3-Dioxane and 1,3-Dioxolane

et al. 2022

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Bio-hybrid fuels are a promising solution to accomplish a carbon-neutral and low-emission future for the transportation sector. Two potential candidates are the heterocyclic acetals 1,3-dioxane (C 4 H 8 O 2 ) and 1,3-dioxolane (C 3 H 6 O 2 ), which can be produced from the combination of biobased feedstocks, carbon dioxide, and renewable electricity. In this work, comprehensive experimental and numerical investigations of 1,3-dioxane and 1,3-dioxolane were performed to support their application in internal combustion engines. Ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds were measured to reveal the combustion chemistry on the macroscale, while speciation measurements in a jet-stirred reactor and ethylene-based counterflow diffusion flames provided insights into combustion chemistry and pollutant formation on the microscale. Comparing the experimental and numerical data using either available or proposed kinetic models revealed that the combustion chemistry and pollutant formation differ substantially between 1,3-dioxane and 1,3-dioxolane, although their molecular structures are similar. For example, 1,3-dioxane showed higher reactivity in the low-temperature regime (500−800 K), while 1,3-dioxolane addition to ethylene increased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot formation in high-temperature (>800 K) counterflow diffusion flames. Reaction pathway analyses were performed to examine and explain the differences between these two bio-hybrid fuels, which originate from the chemical bond dissociation energies in their molecular structures.

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Eco-friendly synthesis of valuable fuel bio-additives from glycerol

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Acetalization of Glycerol with Citral over Heteropolyacids Immobilized on KIT-6

Acetalization of Glycerol with Citral over Heteropolyacids Immobilized on KIT-6

Preparation of Biomass-Derived Furfuryl Acetals by Transacetalization Reactions Catalyzed by Nanoporous Aluminosilicates

A Comparative Study on the Combustion Chemistry of Two Bio-hybrid Fuels: 1,3-Dioxane and 1,3-Dioxolane

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