Eco‐friendly synthesis of the Li/Al in nonionic surfactant‐based vesicles (niosomes) modified with graphene oxide quantum dot nanostructures for controlled released of chlorpheniramine maleate

Abstract

The aim of the present work was the preparation of Li/Al nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) for the controlled release of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPAM). The role of lemon and egg white extracts as oxidation agents were investigated for the morphology and particle size of the products. GOQDs were synthesized using green, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective precursors. This work demonstrates that Li/Al NPs functionalized with graphene oxide as a nanolayer structure can be used as efficient nanocarriers for loading and delivery of CPAM as water-insoluble aromatic drugs The final products were identified with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy nitrogen adsorption [i.e. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis] techniques. The calibration curve for Li/Al nanoparticles functionalized with GOQDs for controlled released of CPAM was calculated as y = 0.0137x + 0.0103 with R 2 = 0.9995. The data found through BET and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda analysis using the adsorption/ desorption isotherm method demonstrated by total pore volumes and dead volume were calculated respectively as 0.162 nm 2 , 0.0439 cm 3 g À1 . The mean pore diameter was calculated as 20.33 nm using BET isotherm data.