Eco-friendly Strategies for the Material and Fabrication of Wearable Sensors

Liu, Yan; Shang, Siyao; Mo, Shuting; Wang, Peng; Hai, Wang

doi:10.1007/s40684-020-00285-5

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 241 publications

(310 reference statements)

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“…2a, b, can be predicted using the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the PI film and copper meshes in the film expansion, shrinkage, and recovery phases as shown in Eq. (1).…”

Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A roll-to-roll (R2R) additive manufacturing process is widely used in the flexible and stretchable electronic devices manufacturing because of the advantages of environmentally friendly, low cost and mass production [1][2][3]. Notably, the process is an excellent candidate to fabricate large-area flexible functional devices; many research groups have reported its superiority on the creation of large-area molecular diagnostic chip, fuel cells, organic photovoltaics, and flexible printed circuit board.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual Interfacial Deformation in Flexible Copper Clad Laminate Occurring During Roll-to-Roll Composite Film Manufacturing

Lee

Kim

et al. 2021

Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech.

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Flexible copper clad laminate has been used to fabricate flexible electronics such as bio-inspired tactile sensor, microfluidicsbased sensor, and flexible printed circuits board. Herein, the effects of thermal property difference between the component layers on the residual interfacial deformation in a flexible copper clad laminate occurring during roll-to-roll composite film manufacturing were analyzed. The thermal behaviors of polyimide film and copper meshes in the laminate were examined, and it was found that differences of the coefficient of thermal expansion and elastic modulus between the two components could cause the residual deformation in the laminate. The three factors affecting the residual strain due to the thermal characteristic difference, i.e., temperature and pressure of the lamination roll and web tension, were selected in the controllable operating conditions in a roll-to-roll lamination process. Mathematical models to estimate the elastic and thermal residual strains according to the factors were developed and experimentally verified. Finally, the effects of the three factors on the residual strain in the laminate were determined using the developed model. In this study, we demonstrate that, in the lamination process, the thermal strain of the laminate component materials after thermal cycling generates a significant residual deformation, which causes defects in the flexible copper clad laminate. The developed model can be used to accurately estimate the residual elastic and thermal residual strains occurring during the roll-to-roll manufacturing according to the process conditions.

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“…2a, b, can be predicted using the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the PI film and copper meshes in the film expansion, shrinkage, and recovery phases as shown in Eq. (1).…”

Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Interfacial Deformation in Flexible Copper Clad Laminate Occurring During Roll-to-Roll Composite Film Manufacturing

Lee

Kim

et al. 2021

Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech.

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“…As 3D printing technology has become more accessible and widely used, a new manufacturing process paradigm has emerged 23 . In case of fused filament fabrication (FFF)-type 3D printing, rapid and cost-effective fabrication using ecofriendly 24 , 25 and biocompatible 26 materials are achievable. Moreover, FFF-based manufacturing provides an easy and fast approach to modify device dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid manufacturing of micro-drilling devices using FFF-type 3D printing technology

Park

Lee

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Micro-drilling devices with different blade shapes were fabricated with a rapid and facile manufacturing process using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The 3D-printed casting mold was utilized to customize the continuous shape of the blades without the need for expensive manufacturing tools. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed to estimate the pressure differences (fluidic resistance) around each rotating device in a flowing stream. Three types of blades (i.e., 45°, 0°, and helical type) were manufactured and compared to a device without blades (i.e., plain type). As a result, the device with the 45° blades exhibited the best drilling performance. At a rotational speed of 1000 rpm, the average drilling depth of the device with the 45° blades to penetrate artificial thrombus for 90 s was 3.64 mm, which was ~ 2.4 times longer than that of helical blades (1.51 mm). This study demonstrates the feasibility of using 3D printing to fabricate microscale drilling devices with sharp blades for various applications, such as in vivo microsurgery and clogged water supply tube maintenance.

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“…In particular, the myriad of applications using flexible and soft piezoresistive materials have great potential for application in complex stress and strain sensors for more advanced applications such as artificial skin [19]. In recent years, research has demonstrated the piezoresistive performance and capability of conductive fillers (such as CNTs) incorporated with soft polymers to produce soft sensors [20,21]. Simultaneously, with the increase in research on processes for manufacturing soft pressure sensors, shifting the focus away from traditional fabrication processes has led to innovations using additive manufacturing techniques that allow printing with novel materials and also allow for the fabrication of sensors with complex geometries and for mass customization to enable the fabrication of sensors on free-form surfaces [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hardness on the Sensitivity and Load Capacity of 3D Printed Sensors

Kim

Philip

Emon

et al. 2021

Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.

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One recent success of additive manufacturing (AM; also known as 3D printing) technologies is a 3D printed pressuresensitive sensor (i.e. tactile sensor) with a greater degree of design complexity and multi-material components. Although 3D printed pressure sensors have been realized, there still exists a topic of extensive ongoing research. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hardness of the 3D printed sensors on characteristics such as the sensitivity and load capacity of the sensors. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide guidelines for selecting hardness for 3D printed sensors used in different sensor applications (i.e., soft and highly sensitive humanoid hands vs. less soft and less sensitive industrial robotic hands). A multi-material direct-print photopolymerization (DPP) process was used to produce an entire sensor that consists of insulating layers, electrode layers, and a pressure-sensitive layer. Soft and rigid photopolymers were blended to achieve six different hardness levels such as Shore A of 50, 60, 70, 85, 95 and 98. A carbon nanotube/polymer composite was used to create the electrodes, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as an ionic liquid was used with a photopolymer for the pressure-sensitive layer. Sensors of different hardness were tested by applying varying loads using a force gauge, and sensor signals were collected. Soft sensors with Shore A hardness of 50, 60 and 70 showed reliable outputs, where the softer sensor provided better sensitivity and smaller errors but lower load capacity. Sensors with Shore A of 85, 95 and 98 did not show reliable outputs, where the harder insulating layer did not allow the force gauge to press into the sensor, instead causing the gauge to slip over the surface. These findings could be useful for designing customized sensors for applications with different load conditions.

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Eco-friendly Strategies for the Material and Fabrication of Wearable Sensors

Cited by 42 publications

References 241 publications

Residual Interfacial Deformation in Flexible Copper Clad Laminate Occurring During Roll-to-Roll Composite Film Manufacturing

Residual Interfacial Deformation in Flexible Copper Clad Laminate Occurring During Roll-to-Roll Composite Film Manufacturing

Rapid manufacturing of micro-drilling devices using FFF-type 3D printing technology

Effects of Hardness on the Sensitivity and Load Capacity of 3D Printed Sensors

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